Flashcards
Halogenoalkanes
Flashcards do conjunto (24)
- 1What is the mechanism that halogenoalkanes undergo?Nucleophilic substricituion
- 2what is a nucleophile?this is an electron pair donor.
- 3What are the 3 common nucleophiles?1. Cyanide ion
2. Hydroxide ion
3. Ammonia - 4What are the 3 groups that form during nucleophilic sub?1. Amine with ammonia.
2. Alcohol when hydoxide ions are used.
3. Nitrile when cyanide ions are used. - 5What is a hydrolysis reaction?The breaking of a bond by adding water or hydroxide ions.
- 6Why is nucleophilic sub useful?it introduces new functional groups.
- 7Which X in the C-X is the most reactive?It is H-I because the idoine has a large atomic radii and therefore less attraction between the nucleus and the shared pair of electrons in the bond and so the bond breaks easily.
- 8What is used in an elimination reaction and what is its nature?Hydorixde ion is used and it acts as a base.
- 9What is a free radical?A pecies with an unpaired electron.
- 10What are the 3 steps in free radical sub and define them.1. Initiation - starting to make the free radicals.
2. Propagation - continuing making the free radicals.
3. Termination - to stop making the free radicals. - 11What does CFCs stand for?Chlorofluorocarbons.
- 12What is the formula for ozone?O3
- 13Where is the ozone layer?It is in the stratosphere?
- 14What happens when CFCs are in the ozone?The C-Cl bond breaks and a chlorine free radical forms. This free radical then reacts with ozone to produce oxyen.
- 15Give an example of CFCs?CCl3F
- 16What was the use of CFCs?they were used in refrigerators and aerosol propellers.
- 17What is the condition needed for the decomposition of CFCs?Ultraviolet light.
- 18What is the catalyst used in the decomposition of ozone?Chlorine free radical.
- 19What is the general formula for decomposition of ozone.2O3 --> 3O2
- 20Give two equations to show that the chlorine free radical is acting as the catalyst in the decomposition of ozone.Not sure check with tutor.
- 21What favours elimination or nucelophilici addition when the hydroxide ion is used?1. Temperature - high temp favours elimination, room temperature favours addition.
2. Aqueous favours addition, dissolvd in ethanol favours elimination.
3. the structure - primary favours addition, secondary favors both and tertiary favours elimination. - 22Draw the mechanism for nucleophilci addition, free radical sub and elimination.see in booklet.
- 23what is elimination useful?it forms double bonds. betweenthe carbon atoms so making alkenes.
- 24why is produced during elimination?the halogn ion with its pair of electrons and water.
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- FlashCards sobre Halogenoalkanes , criado por ray :) em 25-04-2017.
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- ray :)
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