Flashcards
Staying healthy
Flashcards do conjunto (39)
- 1What is malaria caused by?Malaria is caused by a protozoan called Plasmodium, which feeds on red blood cells.
- 2Plasmodium is carried by mosquitoes, which are what?Plasmodium is carried by mosquitoes, which are vectors (i.e. not affects by the disease).
- 3How is Plasmodium transmitted to humans?Plasmodium is carried by mosquitoes, which are vectors, and transmitted to humans by mosquito bites.
- 4Fill in the gaps: Plasmodium is a ........ and humans are its .....Plasmodium is a parasite and humans are its host.
- 5What is a parasite?A parasite is an organism that feeds on another living organism, causing it harm.
- 6Knowledge of the mosquito's life cycle has helped to stop the spread of malaria. What can be done to help stop the spread of malaria?The spread of malaria can be stopped by draining stagnant water, putting oil on the water surface and spraying insecticide.
- 7How can draining stagnant water help to stop the spread of malaria?Draining stagnant water kills the larvae of mosquitoes.
- 8How does putting oil on the water surface help to stop the spread of malaria?Putting oil on the surface of water prevents the larvae of the mosquitoes from breathing.
- 9How does spraying insecticide help to stop the spread of malaria?Spraying insecticide kills the adult mosquito.
- 10Name one other way to control the spread of malaria.Take medication to kill the Plasmodium inside the body.
- 11Name two changes in lifestyle and diet that can reduce the risk of some cancers.- Not smoking can reduce the risk of lung cancer
- Using sunscreen reduces the risk of skin cancer - 12Fill in the gaps: Benign tumour cells, such as warts, divide ...... and are .........Benign tumour cells, such as warts, divide slowly and are harmless.
- 13What are cancers?Cancers are malignant tumours.
- 14What do cancers display?Cancers are malignant tumours: the cells display uncontrolled growth and may spread.
- 15What are pathogens?Pathogens are disease-causing organisms.
- 16How do pathogens produce the symptoms of an infectious disease.Pathogens produce the symptoms of an infectious disease by damaging the body's cells or producing poisonous waste products called toxins.
- 17What are toxins?Toxins are poisonous waste products that are produced by pathogens and can produce symptoms of an infectious disease.
- 18How does the body protect itself?The body protects itself by producing antibodies, which lock onto antigens on the surface of pathogens such as bacterium. This kills the pathogen.
- 19What do human white blood cells produce that results in active immunity?Human white blood cells produce antibodies, resulting in active immunity.
- 20What is active immunity?Active immunity is when you have immunity if your immune system recognises a pathogen and fights it.
- 21Fill in the gaps: Active immunity can be a .... process but has a ....-....... effect.Active immunity can be a slow process but has a long-lasting effect.
- 22What do vaccinations use and what do they result in?Vaccinations using antibodies from another human or animal result in passive immunity.
- 23Fill in the gaps: Passive immunity has a ..... but .....-.... effect.Passive immunity has a quick but short-term effect.
- 24Finish the sentence: Each pathogen has its own antigens, so.............Each pathogen has its own antigens, so a specific antibody is needed for each pathogen.
- 25The process of immunisation is also called vaccination. What happens in vaccination?- It starts with injecting a harmless pathogen carrying antigens
- The antigens trigger a response by white blood cells, producing the correct antibodies.
- Memory cells (a type of T-lymphocyte cell) remain in the body, providing long-lasting immunity to that disease. - 26Immunisation carries a small risk to the individual, but what does it avoid and decrease?Immunisation carries a small risk to the individual, but it avoids the potentially lethal effect of the pathogen, as well as decreasing the risk of spreading the disease.
- 27What are antibiotics?Antibiotics are therapeutic drugs acting to kill bacteria which is taken into the body.
- 28What are antiviral drugs?Antiviral drugs are therapeutic drugs acting to kill viruses.
- 29Antibiotics and antiviral drugs are what?Antibiotics and antiviral drugs are specific to their action.
- 30What does an antibiotic do?An antibiotic destroys a pathogen.
- 31What does an antiviral drug do?An antiviral drug slows down the pathogen's development.
- 32New treatments, such as vaccinations, are tested using what three things before human trials?New treatments are tested using animals, human tissue and computer models before human trials.
- 33Some people object to what?Some people object to causing suffering in animals in such tests.
- 34What is a placebo?A placebo is a harmless pill.
- 35What are placebos used as?Placebos are used as a comparison in drug testing so the new effect of a drug can be assessed.
- 36What happens in a blind trial?In a blind trial, the patient does not know whether they are receiving a new drug or a placebo.
- 37What happens in a double blind trial?In a double blind trial, neither the patient nor the doctor know which treatment is being used?
- 38Which two things do these types of trials avoid?These types of trials avoid a 'feel-good factor' and a biased opinion.
- 39What has resulted in resistant forms of bacteria being more common than non-resistant forms?Excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in resistant forms of bacteria being more common than non-resistant forms.
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- GCSE Science Year 10 FlashCards sobre Staying healthy, criado por annjb2898 em 18-05-2014.
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