Flashcards
Hurricane Katrina HIC
Flashcards do conjunto (18)
- 1Describe the locationThe hurricane affected North America and the Bahamas. The hurricane was formed in the north Atlantic ocean. The temperature of the water was higher than usual at an average of 30oc during August 2005. 82.7% of the population in the Bahamas was urban. In Florida, 91.2% were in urban places. This suggests that hurricane Katrina affected mostly urban areas. Hurricane Katrina affected 15 million people in many different ways. The storm is currently ranked as the third most intense United States land falling tropical cyclone,
- 2Describe the causeNew Orleans was at particular risk. Though about half the city actually lies above sea level, its average elevation is about six feet below sea level–and it is completely surrounded by water. Over the course of the 20th century, the Army Corps of Engineers had built a system of levees and seawalls to keep the city from flooding. The levees along the Mississippi River were strong and sturdy, but the ones built to hold back Lake Pontchartrain, Lake Borgne and the waterlogged swamps and marshes to the city’s east and west were much less reliable. Before the storm, officials worried that surge could overtop some levees and cause short-term flooding, but no one predicted levees might collapse below design height. Neighborhoods that sat below sea level, many of which housed the city’s poorest and most vulnerable people, were at great risk of flooding.
- 3Describe the magnitude• When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
• It brought sustained winds of 100–140 miles per hour
• Highest winds for 1 minute sustained were 175mph - 4Describe the frequency• During the past century, hurricanes have flooded New Orleans six times: in 1915, 1940, 1947, 1965, 1969 and 2005
• Tropical storms affect the USA multiple times a year
• It was the 5th hurricane for the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
• It was also the 11th named storm of the season - 5Describe the population affected• Killed 1836 people
• 1200 people drowned
• 1 million people were made homeless
• 800,000 housing units were destroyed - 6Describe the aerial extent affected• Affected 90,000 square miles of the United States
• 100-140mph winds stretched 400 miles across
• The areas that were affected were:
the Bahamas South Florida Cuba Louisiana (especially Greater New Orleans) Mississippi Alabama Florida Panhandle Most of eastern North America - 7Describe the duration• Katrina initially formed about 200 miles (322 km) southeast of the Bahamas on Aug. 23, 2005, as a tropical depression
• Peak was on August 28th 2005 when it became category 5
• Declared as extra tropical on August 30th 2005
• Dissipated on August 31st 2005 - 8Describe the hazardsLevee breaches led to massive flooding
By the time Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans early in the morning on Monday, August 29, it had already been raining heavily for hours. When the storm surge (as high as 9 meters in some places) arrived, it overwhelmed many of the city’s unstable levees and drainage canals. Water seeped through the soil underneath some levees and swept others away altogether. By 9 a.m., low-lying places like St. Bernard Parish and the Ninth Ward were under so much water that people had to scramble to attics and rooftops for safety. Eventually, nearly 80 percent of the city was under some quantity of water. - 9State the primary economic effects• Estimated damage over $81 billion and costs over $160 billion
• Destroyed 30 oil platforms and refineries and caused the closure of 9
• Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans
• 1.3 million acres of forest lands were destroyed costing about $5 billion
• It is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion - 10State the primary social effects• 1,836 people lost their lives
• 1,500 death occurred in Louisiana, around 230 in Mississippi, and 14 in Florida
• More than 800,000 housing units were destroyed or damaged in the storm.
• 1 million people were made homeless
• 1,200 people drowned in the floods - 11State the primary environmental effects• More than 50 breaches of the levee system lead to flooding
• The US Geological Survey has estimated 217 square miles (560 km2) of land was transformed to water by the hurricanes Katrina and Rita
• The lands that were lost were breeding grounds for marine mammals, brown pelicans, turtles, and fish
• 1.3 million acres of forest lands were destroyed - 12State the secondary economic effects• Oil facilities were damaged and as a result petrol prices rose in the UK and USA
• Black household income has plummeted, virtually wiping out New Orleans’ black middle class. The median income for white families is $60,55 being $35,451 more than black families, which is $25,102.
• The Bush Administration sought $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region; this didn’t include potential interruption of the oil supply, Destruction of the Gulf Coast's highway infrastructure, and exports of commodities such as grain
• Some insurance companies have stopped insuring homeowners in the area because of the high costs from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, or have raised homeowners' insurance premiums to cover their risk - 13State the secondary social effects• Conditions were unhygienic, and there was a shortage of food and water
• Looting was commonplace throughout the city.
• Tension was high and many felt vulnerable and unsafe.
• Tens of thousands of people desperate for food, water and shelter broke into the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center complex
• By late January 2006, about 200,000 people were once again living in New Orleans, less than half of the pre-storm population.
• By July 1, 2006, there was a population decline of 219,563
Katrina redistributed over one million people from the central Gulf coast elsewhere across the United States. For example, Houston, Texas, had an increase of 35,000 people - 14State the secondary environmental effects• Estimated three million people without electricity
• In 2010, debris remained in some coastal communities
• Eventually the flooding covered 80% of the city of New Orleans to depth above 15 ft. in some places
• The storm surge caused substantial beach erosion, in some cases completely devastating coastal areas
• In Dauphin Island, approximately 90 miles (150 km) to the east of the point where the hurricane made landfall, the sand that comprised the barrier island was transported across the island into the Mississippi Sound, pushing the island towards land - 15State the management methods prior to the event• Before the storm
1.2 million people evacuated the metropolitan New Orleans region
• 10,000 went to the Superdome shelter
• Meteorologists were soon able to warn people in the Gulf Coast states that a major storm was on its way.
• The United States Coast Guard (USCG), National Hurricane Center (NHC), and National Weather Service (NWS) provided accurate hurricane weather tracking forecasts with sufficient lead time.
• Predicted by the National Hurricane centre and they gave a very accurate plot of the Hurricanes track and expected landfall, not far from New Orleans.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) made preparations that ranged from logistical supply deployments to a mortuary team with refrigerated trucks - 16State the management methods during the event• Almost 80 percent of the city’s population had evacuated
• The Superdome, a stadium located on relatively high ground near downtown, would serve as a “shelter of last resort” for people who could not leave the city. (For example, some 112,000 of New Orleans’ nearly 500,000 people did not have access to a car.) - 17State the management methods short term after the event• $50 billion in aid was given by the government.
• The UK government sent food aid during the early stages of the recovery process.
• The National Guard was mobilised to restore and maintain law and order in what became a hostile and unsafe living environment.
• The Coast Guard rescued 34,000 people in New Orleans alone, and many ordinary citizens commandeered boats, offered food and shelter, and did whatever else they could to help their neighbours.
• The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) took days to establish operations in New Orleans, and even then did not seem to have a sound plan of action.
• Britain donated 350,000 emergency meals however it did not reach victims because of laws regarding mad cow disease
• Belgium sent in a team of relief personnel
• Russia's initial offer of two jets was declined by the U.S. State Department but accepted later - 18State the management methods long term after the event• India sent tarps, blankets and hygiene kits. An Indian Air Force IL-76 aircraft delivered 25 tonnes of relief supplies for the Hurricane Katrina victims at the Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, on September 13, 2005.
• Israel sent an IDF delegation to New Orleans to transport aid equipment including 80 tons of food, disposable diapers, beds, blankets, generators and additional equipment which were donated from different governmental institutions, civilian institutions and the IDF.
• Countries like Sri Lanka, which was still recovering from the Indian Ocean Tsunami, also offered to help.
• Countries including Canada, Mexico, Singapore and Germany sent supplies, relief personnel (like Technisches Hilfswerk), troops, ships and water pumps to aid in the disaster recovery.
• New Orleans has improved resident access to evacuation and alert information. For example, they have an e-mail and text message system called NolaReady that 13,000 residents have signed up for.
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- FlashCards sobre Hurricane Katrina HIC , criado por Tia Lam em 15-05-2017.
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- Tia Lam
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