Flashcards
CHAPTER 14&15 HISTORY FINAL TEST!
Flashcards do conjunto (29)
- 1VassalA knight who has sworn loyalty to a particular lord
- 2FiefA portion of land, given by the lord to a vassal in exchange for the oath of loyalty
- 3FeudalismA European political system that defines the military obligations and relations between a lord and his vassals
- 4ManorialismAn economic system that governed rural life in medieval Europe
- 5SerfA peasant who lost his or her freedom and became permanently bound to the land
- 6HeresyAn opinion, belief, or action counter to doctrines that church leaders defined as correct
- 7ReconquistaWord to describe the long christian crusade to wrest Spain back from the Muslims
- 8CrusadesRecovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims
- 9ChivalryA code of conduct that was supposed to govern the behavior of a knight
- 10Craft guildsAssociations of artisans organized to regulate the quality, quality, and price of the goods produced as well as the number of affiliated apprentices and journeymen
- 11Commercial RevolutionThe transformation of the economic structure of Europe to a more complex mercantile society
- 12ScholasticsMedieval professors who developed a method of thinking, reasoning, and writing in which questions were raised and authorities cited on both sides of a question
- 13Vernacular literatureLiterature written in the everyday language of a region rather than Latin
- 14GothicThe term for the architectural and artistic style that prevailed in Europe
- 15Black DeathThe Plague that first struck Europe in 1347, killing perhaps one-third of the population
- 16Renaissance"rebirth", used to describe a cultural movement that began in fourteenth-century Italy
- 17PatronageFinancial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles
- 18Humanismstudy of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understand human nature
- 19Christian humanistsHumanists from northern Europe who thought that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined and saw humanist learning as a way to bring about reform of the church and deepen people's spiritual lives
- 20Debate about womenA discussion, that attempted to answer fundamental questions about gender and to define the role of women in society
- 21Protestant ReformationA religious reform movement that split the Western Christian Church
- 22IndulgenceA papal statement granting remission of a priest-imposed penalty for sin
- 23Diet of WormsA assembly of representatives from the territories of the Holy Roman Empire convened by Charles V in the German city of Worms in 1521
- 24ProtestantApplied to all non-catholic western european Christians
- 25PredestinationBy god's decree, some person are guided to salvation and others to damnation
- 26Jesuitsmembers of the Society of Jesus, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through humanistic schools and missionary activity
- 27Huguenotsfrench Calvinists
- 28PolitiquesCatholic and Protestant moderates who sought to end the religious violence in France by restoring a strong monarchy and granting official recognition to the HUGUENOTS
- 29Witch-HuntsCampaign against witchcraft in early modern Europe and European colonies in which hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women, were trialed, and many of them executed