Flashcards
Microbiology II
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1What is the size range of prokaryotes?0.2um to >700um
- 2What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?10um to >200um
- 3What are the advantages of being small?Large SA:V
Faster nutrient exchange per unit cell volume
Grow faster
Can support a large population
Faster evolution
more cellular divisions = higher rate of mutations within a population
Allows rapid adaptation to changing environments - 4What are the limitations to being small?Must fit all essential organelles and materials inside
0.15um diameter to fit all organelles
Anything less than 0.1um is unlikely to be a cell - 5Describe briefly the process of gram stainingCV
Iodine
Ludol's reagant
saffranin - 6What are endospores?Highly differential cells that are resistant to heat/harsh chemicals/radiation
Survival structures - 7Describe the process of sporulationEssential nutrient is exhausted
Vegetative cell stops growing
Endospore develops within the vegetative cell and is released as a mature endospore
Germinates when conditions are favourable to form a vegetative cell - 8What names relate to the differing stages of endospore development within a vegetative cell?Terminal
Sub-terminal
central - 9What is the structure of an endospore?Strongly refractive and impermeable to most dyes, therefore appears as white dots
Usually seen as unstained regions in cells
Core - Core wall, CM, cytoplasm, nucleoid, ribosomes
Exosporium - thin protein covering
Spore coat - layers of spore specific proteins
Cortex - loose cross-linked murein - 10What is polar flagellation?Flagella attached to one or both ends of an MO
- 11What is tuft flagellation?Group of flagella attached to one end
- 12What is peritrichous flagellation?Multiple locations
- 13Describe flagellaHelical filaments composed of many flagellin copies, wavelengths are characteristic of species
- 14What is the motor?The central rod embedded in the cell membrane that passes through a series of rings, with Mot proteins acting as stators
- 15Where does the energy for rotation come from?Movement of protons across membrane through mot channels, as they pass through they exert an electrostatic force on the helical arrangement of charges on the flagella rings, causing rotation.
Similar to ATPase. - 16Describe the movement control of peritrichous cellsCCW rotation
Tumbles when switching to CW, flagella push apart
Flagella bundle and rotate CCW - 17Describe polar movementReversible flagella rotation
- 18Describe glidingSlower than flagella swimming
Cell must be in contact with surface
Polysaccharide slime used to hold cell surface to solid surface
'Twitching motility' type IV pili extension and retraction
sliding - spreading by growth - 19What is the life cycle of myxobacteria?Formation of Myxospores
Resistant resting cells released from sporangioles upon favourable conditions
Fruiting bodies are coloured and morphologically elaborate
Vegetative myxobacteria are motile via excreting a slime across a surface to facilitate gliding
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- O usuário eliminou as informações de disciplina FlashCards sobre Microbiology II, criado por Usuário eliminado em 21-01-2018.
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- Criado por J yadonknow · 21 jan 2018
- Copiado por J yadonknow · 21 jan 2018
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