Flashcards
Introduction to Mammals
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1When do mammals emerge in the fossil record?220m years ago (triassic period)
- 2What parts of skull structure differentiate mammals?Dermatocranium which is little bits of skull that covers the chondrocranium and visceral skeleton. Fish, for example. only have the chondocranium and visceral skeleton.
- 3The early mammal skull was very heavy. How was this solved?Holes were made in the dermal elements of the skull to make it more light weight
- 4Different skull hole patterns?Anapsid (no holes in skull, found in tortoise, turtles, etc).
Synapsid (one hole at the back, found in mammals)
Euryapsid (small hole at the top of the back)
Diapsid (two holes at the back, found in dinos, lizards, birds) - 5What are monotremes?They're 'on their way' to being mammals. Are only two groups (echidnas and platypuses). They hay eggs like reptiles but also have hair, endothermic and produce milk like mammals (despite having no nipples, they just secrete milk onto fur)
- 6What are marsupials?They include opposums, bandicoots, kangaroos and koalas. Young born premature and crawl into mothers pouch to complete development. They do show parallelism to mammals.
- 7What are Afrotheria?Compose of proboscidea, sirenia, tubulidents, hyracoidea
- 8What are proboscidea?They have a trunk, loose skin, tusks. (Elephants)
- 9What are Sirenia?Secondarily aquatic, forelimbs are fins, hindlimbs are absent, herbivorous. Manatees, dugongs ('closely' related to elephants)
- 10What are tubuildents?Aardvarks, tube-like teeth, insectivorous. No enamel teeth, unique prism structure.
- 11What are hyracoidea?Short legs and tail. Herbivores, Complex stomach. Sub-Saharan Africa/Middle East
- 12What are Xenarthra?In North/South America. Have specialised lumbar spine. Teeth reduced or absent. Have peculiar venous systems. Includes sloths, anteaters, armadillos.
- 13What are the rodents/lagomorphs?Lagomorphs (rabbits, hares. Have chisel incisors. Elongated back legs for jumping/running)
Rodents (rats, mice, squirrels, beavers, porcupines. Herbivores. Continuously growing incisors)
Primates (lemurs, monkeys, chimps, gorillas, humans. Opposable thumbs, forward eyes, big cerebral cortex) - 14What are carnivores?They all have pointed teeth, sharing molars and are carnivorous. Wolves, lions.
- 15What are Artiodactyls?Sheep, pigs, cattle, deer, giraffes. Have even-toed hooves. Herbivores.
- 16What are perrisodactyls?Horses, zebras, tapirs, rhinos. Have odd-toed hooves. Herbivores.
- 17What are cetaceans?Whales, dolphins, porpoises. Secondary equatic, paddle-like forelimbs, hindlimbs absent, blubber, carnivores
- 18What are chiroptera?Bats. Wings made of skin-fold supported by elongated fingers. Carnovores and herbivores.
- 19What are eulipotyphla?Insectivores, some moles and shrews.
- 20What does make a mammal?They are vertebrates. Have hair/fur, nails/hooves/hornes, mammary glands that make milk. Have facial muscles. Have a diaphragm. High metabolic rate (endothermy). Highly adapted teeth. Upright gait.
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- Introduction to Evolution and Animal Biology FlashCards sobre Introduction to Mammals , criado por Emma Lloyd em 29-05-2018.
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- Emma Lloyd
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