Flashcards
Shoulder Flash Cards
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1What is occurring with a "winged scapula"- During normal scapulohumeral rhythm, the serratus anterior holds the scapula in place as it slides over the rib cage.
Winging occurs when the serratus anterior muscle becomes weak from an injury to the long thoracic nerve
The muscle orginates from the ribs 1-9, and inserts along the medial border of the scapula.
- 2How to assess for a winged scapulaAs a push up is performed, "winging" of the scapula is evident.
- 3What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? What are their actions? Hint: 4 Hint: SITS1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Subscapularis
4. Teres Minor
All 4 originate on the scapula, and become tendons that fuse with the capsule of the shoulder, thus forming a musculoskeletal cuff : "the rotator cuff"
All 4 stabilise the humeral head
Supraspinatus: abducts shoulder
Infraspinatus and Teres MInor: externally rotate the shoulder
Supscapularis: internally rotates the shoulder - 4Label the rotator cuff musclesA: Infraspinatus
B: Supraspinatus
C: Teres Minor
- 5—D: Subscapularis
- 6What are the following muscles and what are their functions?A. Levator Scaptulae: elevates the scapula
B: Rhomboid Minor: retract the scapula
C: Infraspinatus: externally rotate shoulder
D: Rhomboid Major: retract the scapula
E: Latissimus Dorsi: adduction/extension/internal rotation of arm/trunk rotation
F: Deltoid: abduction
G: Trapezius: shoulder rotation/retraction/elevation/depression
- 7What 2 muscles are the prime retractors of the scapula, and what nerve innervates them?Rhomboid major and minor
Innervated by the dorsal scapula nerve - 8What muscles does the dorsal scapula nerve innervate Hint: 2Rhomboid Major and Minor, Levator Scapulae
- 9Axillary nerve (green in picture)Derived from C5/6
Axillary nerve is a terminal branch of the brachial plexus
Exits axilla from brachial plexus
Wraps around posterior aspect of surgical neck of humerus
Innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles
Innervates skin superficial to deltoid
Susceptible to trauma from #s to the proximal humerus due to location
- 10What are the primary extensors of the shoulder? Hint: 3 + 2 secondary extensorsPosterior deltoid
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Secondary extensors: teres minor, long head of triceps. - 11What muscle does the Thoracodorsal nerve supple? Hint: 1Latissimus Dorsi
- 12What muscle does the accessory nerve innervate Hint: 1Trapezius
- 13What muscle does the long thoracic nerve innervate Hint: 1Serratus anterior
- 14—A: Coracoacromial Ligament
B: Acromioclavicular ligament
C: Coracoclavicular ligament
- 15What is the major support of the acromioclavicular joint?Coracoclavicular ligament.
- Only non contractile structure that suspends the scapula from the clavicle
- Comprises of 2 parts: conoid and trapezoid ligaments
- Connects the clavicle and coronoid process
- The 2 parts are oriented differently and resist different forces placed on the scapula and clavicle. - 16What 3 structures make up the coracoacromial arch?- Acromion
- Coracoacromial ligament
- Coracoid process
The arch is anatomically above the rotator cuff
- Supraspinatus can get compressed between humeral head (below) and coracoacromial arch (above) and lead to rotator cuff tear / degeneration - 17What muscles does the Subscapular nerve innervate? Hint: 2Subscapularis
Teres Major - 18What muscles does the Musculocutaneous nerve innervate? Hint: 3 - think more distalCoracobrachialis
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Continues into forearm as lateral cutaneous nerve (supplies anterolateral skin) - 19What muscles does the subclavian nerve (5th and 6th cervical nerves) innervate? Hint: 1Subclavius
- 20Teres Major- function, innervationInternal rotator of the shoulder at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction
Innervated by subscapular nerve (C6-C7)
Teres major attaches to the the medial lip of the bicipital groove, muscles contract towards the origin, therefore teres major cannot contribute to abduction - 21Coracobrachialis: O, I, I, AO: coracoid process
I: mid portion humerus
I: branch from lateral cord and musculocutaneous nerve
A: flexion and adduction of GHj - 22What muscles does the suprascapula nerve innervate?Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus - 23Scapulothoracic rhythm- Relative motion between scapulothoracic articulation and the GHj during abduction
- First 30 degrees = GHj motion is much greater than scapulothoracic motion, ratio 2:1
- After first 30 degrees, both joints move the same amount - 24Rotator Cuff tear- Almost always occurs with supraspinatus component
- Supraspinatus has a "critical zone" that is prone to calcium deposits and potential rupture
- Constant pressure from humeral head and impingement against the coracoacromial arch during movements - 25How do you MMT for supraspinatus (pt position)Standing
Holding arm at side
Laterally flexes neck towards involved side
Rotates face to opposite side
Initiates abduction while therapist resists - 26How do you MMT for infraspinatus and teres minor (pt position)Prone
Pt externally rotates humerus with elbow at 90 degrees
Pt holds this while therapist applies pressure towards internal rotation using forearm as a lever - 27How do you MMT for Teres MajorProne
Pt extends and adducts the humerus in the internally rotated position while resting hand on the posterior illiac crest
Holds while you apply pressure against arm, above the elbow, in direction of abduction and flexion - 28How do you MMT for latissimus dorsiProne
Pt extends and adducts humerus in internally rotated position with elbow extended
Holds while therapist applies pressure against forearm in direction of abduction and slight flexion - 29Subscapularis tendon avulsions are related with avulsion #s of whatLesser tuberosity humerus
- 30Acromion shapes (3)Type 1: flat, 17% of population
Type 2: curved, 43% population
Type 3: hooked, 39% of population
Type 2 and 3 more associated with rotator cuff tears - 31What is rotator cuff arthropathy?Degenerative condition
Combined deficient/torn rotator cuff with glenohumeral arthrosis
Deficient RC allows humeral head to migrate superiorly and arthrosis (OA) develops - 32WHat are examples of scapulothoracic strengtheningSeated row, pull downs, push up plus, press up plus, prone row, prone extensions + more
- 33What are examples of
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- CHT hand therapy (Shoulder) FlashCards sobre Shoulder Flash Cards, criado por Rosie C em 28-08-2018.
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