Flashcards
CSP Unit 1 Vocabulary
Flashcards do conjunto (66)
- 1innovation(s)The process of imagining something that does not yet exist, but that has potential value, and making it real through the application of design, implementation, and production.
- 2security breachUnauthorized access of data, applications, services, networks and/or devices by bypassing underlying security mechanisms.
- 3algorithmA process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problems solving operations
- 4flow patternsPatterns that can emerge when data is transformed using computational tools
- 5sequencingTo do things in order, one after another. Executing the statement one at a time, often called linear
- 6iterationRepetition. One complete step of a loop, repeated until a certain condition is met
- 7selectionUses "if...then" to tell computer how to select a step or to tell the sequence that should be executed
- 8condition (Boolean)A statement that has a particular outcome or result that is either true or false
- 9loopThe repetition of some code.
- 10indefinite loopsWhen it is unknown how many times a loop will iterate, usually we are waiting for an event to occur such as "repeat until...."
- 11definite loopsExecutes a predetermined set of times for a loop to be repeate
- 12flowchartA simple diagram with symbols showing the "flow" of a process
- 13imperative statementA command statement with a verb phrase that indicates an operation to perform (example: "move forward")
- 14descriptive qualifierA specific adverb or adjective that further qualifies or limits the meaning of a word (example: left shoe)
- 15cryptographySecuring (or encrypting) information such that it is inaccessible by third parties.
- 16plaintextText that is not written in code such as an unencrypted message.
- 17ciphertextThe result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm or cipher.
- 18Caesar cipherAlso called substitution cipher. Substitutes each letter of the original, unencrypted message (plaintext)with a corresponding letter in the encrypted message(ciphertext)
- 19Vigenère cipherMore sophisticated algorithms used to improve encryption from Caesar Cipher by adding a key phrase
- 20cybersecurityMeasures taken to protect a computer or computer system against unauthorized access or attack
- 21CIA TriadConfidentiality, Integrity, Availability
- 22confidentialityThe ability to limit access to information to a certain set of users
- 23integrityThe certainty that information is accurate
- 24availabilityThe reliability of access to information
- 25authenticationThe process of determining whether someone or something is who or what they claim to be.
- 26Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)The standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser, typically indicated with padlock icon in the address bar.
- 27digital certificateValidates the ownership of encrypted keys used in secured communications and are based on a trust model.
- 28Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) AttackDistributed Denial of Service - an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources.
- 29firewallPart of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
- 30public key encryptionA non-symmetric encryption method that uses a paired public and private (asymmetric) key algorithm.
- 31virusesCode that is capable of copying itself and corrupting a system or destroying data.
- 32symmetric encryptionA method of encryption involving one key for encryption and decryption.
- 33social engineeringThe psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information
- 34phishingObtaining confidential information by masquerading as an "official" person, site, or entity. A form of social engineering
- 35malwareSoftware that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems.
- 36ambiguityUncertainty or being open to more than one interpretation.
- 37natural languageA complex, but structured language, both written and spoken, that has evolved naturally in humans through use, repetition and adaptation.
- 38artificial languageA limited size language, usually developed by a small group for specific purposes, usually much simpler and structured.
- 39visual programming languageA programming language that lets users drag and drop icons into organized blocks of code to create programs rather than typing text.
- 40high-level languageA programming language that is is easier for humans to read, write and parse. Guaranteed to be unambiguous.
- 41low-level languageA programming language that has little or no abstraction and communicates closely to the hardware using assembly or machine language. Less natural for humans.
- 42source codePrograms that programmers write in high-level languages
- 43machine codeMachine-level instructions that are uniquely read by computer processors using patterns of 1s and 0s.
- 44compilationSource code that has been translated into machine code.
- 45compilerA program that translates high-level, human-readable languages into a corresponding string of 1's and 0's for computer processing.
- 46hardwarePhysical components of a computer built using multiple levels of abstraction such as transistors, logic gates,chips, memory, motherboard, special purpose cards, and storage devices.
- 47RAMRandom-access memory consists of tiny electrical circuits that dynamically store frequently used program instruction to increase speed of the system (volatile).
- 48secondary storageExternal/auxiliary memory such as a USB flash drive, hard drive, etc.
- 49primary storageMain storage or memory that stores data for quick access by the computer's processor (RAM)
- 50Central Processing UnitCPU - the processor or brains of the computer where calculations take place
- 51pseudocodeAn informal method or writing algorithmic instructions that do not necessarily follow grammatical rules and syntax of a particular language.
- 52sequential executionProgram instructions are executed one at a time, in order.
- 53unsolvable problemA problem that cannot be solved using any algorithm.
- 54Halting ProblemThere cannot be a program that will determine which computer programs will halt (or exit) and which programs will go on forever (infinite loop).
- 55undecidable problemWhere no algorithm can be made that always leads to a correct yes or no answer.
- 56scalabilityHow well do algorithms perform at increasingly larger scales.
- 57Big-O NotationA mathematical concept used by computer scientists to determine how well algorithms scale. Performances classified into different categories.
- 58sequential searchA linear search method of finding a targeted value within a list, looking one at a time until a match is found.
- 59binary searchA method of searching by dividing the search interval in half each time.
- 60logarithmic behaviorDoubling the size of a problem only requires one extra unit of work.
- 61brute forcingTrial and error method used to decode encrypted data such as passwords.
- 62Moore's LawGordon Moore accurately predicted that the number of transistors that could fit on a chip would roughly double every one to two years.
- 63heuristicsA method for deriving an approximate solution - Rules of Thumb but not guaranteed an accurately correct answer.
- 64distributed computingComputers that interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal.
- 65botnetsA network of private computers infected with a malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners knowing.
- 66bitcoin miningThe processing of transactions in the digital currency system, in which the records of current Bitcoin transactions, known as a blocks, are added to the record of past transactions, known as the blockchain.
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- FlashCards sobre CSP Unit 1 Vocabulary, criado por Andrei Timothy Salazar em 22-10-2018.
- Criado por
- Andrei Timothy Salazar
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