Flashcards
Sem título
Flashcards do conjunto (36)
- 1What is the formula for simple sugars?(CH2O)
n=3 (trioses), n=4 (tetroses) , n=5 (pentoses), n=6 (hexoses) - 2Sugars which cannot be made any simpler are called ________ .monossacharides
- 3Sugars composed of one or two monossacharides are called _______ .oligossacharides
- 4What is a polysaccharide? Give 3 examplesA carbohydrate composed of a number of sugar molecules joined together e.g. starch, cellulose, glycogen
- 5Polyssacharides are high _________ .High molecular weigh polymers
- 6Ethyl Acetate is hydrolysed to form:A carboxylic acid (acetic acid) and an alcohol (ethanol)
- 7Hydrolysis reactions catalysed by:hydrolytic enzymes e.g. lipases, carbohydrases, proteases
- 8Draw molecular formula for equation: ethyl acetate to acetic acid + alcohol-
- 9What are the 2 classes of monossacharides?Aldoses (aldehyde-position 1)
Ketoses (ketone- position 2) - 10What is the simplest example of this?In trioses, glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone
- 11Chiral centres are?Atoms with 4 different substituents attached to them
- 12Enantiomers are:A special type of steriosomer- molecules which are non super-imposable mirror images of each other
- 13Enantiomers differ in their:optical activity
- 14For molecules n carbons, how many enantiomers will they have?2^n enantiomers/
2^(n-1) enantiomer pairs - 15What significance do enantiomers have in biological activity of cells?Often, cell receptors only recognise one enantiomer as the bioactive molecule
- 16Explain the optical activity of enantiomersOne enantiomers causes a plane of polarised light to be rotated by a specific degree in a particular direction while the other causes it to be rotated to the same degree in the opposite direction
- 17What can be used to measure the optical activity?A polarimeter
- 18What is the formula for specific rotation?-
- 19What is a racemic mixture?An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers- will not rotate light
- 20What does D and L nomenclature refer to?the D series carbons have the -OH group on the right
the L series have the -OH group on the left - 21If an enantiomer rotates light to the left what is it called?Levogyre
- 22Glucose crystallizes differently in which two different solvents?Pyrimidine and ethanol
- 23What properties differ between glucose in pyrimidine v.s. ethanoloptical activity and melting points
- 24Mutarotation of glucoseWhen dissolved in pyrimidine, glucose has m.p. of 19 and specific rotation of 152 (beta d glucose). Glucose has m.p. 146 in ethanol and specific rotation of 112. When beta and alpha glucose crystals dissolve in water and after a few hours both have a specific rotation of 52.5
- 25Formation of a hemiacetalFormed from an aldehyde and an alcohol
- 26Haworth ProjectionUsed for representing chair conformation of pyranose structure and equatorial positions (away from the ring and away from each other) of large hydroxyl groups
- 27Properties of monosaccharidesAll white crystalline solids
Soluble in water
Have sweet taste
Easily oxidised to carboxylic acid (therefore- strong reducing agent) - 28Proteins are:the most abundant biological macromolecule
- 29Function of trypsin/pepsinhydrolyse proteins
- 30Function of cytochrome Celectron transfer/horse heat
- 31Function of RibonucleaseHydrolyses RNA
- 32Haemoglobin functionTransport of O2 in blood
- 33Function of myoglobin.Transport of oxygen in muscle
- 34Function of serum albunimTransport of FAs in blood
- 35Function of beta-1-lipoproteinTransport of lipids in blood
- 36The 4 types of proteins1. Enzymes
2. Transport
3.Regulatory
4. Defense
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por nonstopcrammer em 11-12-2014.
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