Flashcards
USMLE Rapid Review (Classic Presentations)
Flashcards do conjunto (92)
- 1Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy 1. Syndrome 2. Enzyme affected 3. Inheritance Pattern1. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
2. HGPRT Defiency
3. XR - 2Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility 1. Syndrome 2. Defect1. Kartagener syndrome
2. Dynein arm defect (affects cilia) - 3Blue Sclera 1. Disease 2. Defect1. Osteogenesis imperfecta
2. Type I collagen - 4Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, Increased bleeding tendency 1. Disease1. Ehlers-Danlos
- 5Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalitiesMcCune-Albright Syndrome (Gs-protein activating mutation)
- 6Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasiaPatau Syndrome (trisomy 13)
- 7Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defectEdwards Syndrome (trisomy 18)
- 8Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutritionWet Beriberi (Thiamine, Vit B1 defiency)
- 9Dermatitis, dementia, diarrheaPellagra (Niacin, Vit B3 Deficiency)
- 10Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiaeScurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/
lysine for collagen synthesis) - 11Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuriaMcArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase
deficiency) - 12Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly (Glycogen Storage Disease)Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von
Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more
severe) - 13Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerancePompe disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
- 14“Cherry-red spots” on maculaTay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick
(sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery
occlusion - 15Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, bone crisesGaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase [β-glucosidase]
deficiency) - 16Achilles tendon xanthomaFamilial hypercholesterolemia ( LDL receptor signaling)
- 17Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion (Ig Deficiency)IgA deficiency
- 18Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cellsBruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
- 19Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, eczema, high serum IgE, Increased eosinophilsHyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil
chemotaxis abnormality) - 20“Strawberry tongue”Scarlet fever
Kawasaki disease - 21Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic useClostridium difficile infection
- 22Back pain, fever, night sweatsPott disease (vertebral TB)
- 23Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DICWaterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
- 24Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patientsKlebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia
- 25Large rash with bull’s-eye appearanceErythema migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease:
Borrelia) - 26Ulcerated genital lesionNonpainful, indurated: chancre (1° syphilis, Treponema
pallidum)
Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) - 27Pupil accommodates but doesn’t reactNeurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil)
- 28Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitalsCondylomata lata (2° syphilis)
- 29Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilisJarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes
results in endotoxin-like release) - 30Dog or cat bite resulting in infectionPasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
- 31Rash on palms and solesCoxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- 32Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosisMucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
- 33Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcificationsCongenital toxoplasmosis
- 34Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body (viral, also causes aplastic anemia)Erythema infectiosum/fifth disease (“slapped cheeks”
appearance, caused by parvovirus B19) - 35Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rashMeasles
- 36Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centersKoplik spots (measles [rubeola] virus)
- 37Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbingAortic regurgitation
- 38Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)Aortic stenosis
- 39Continuous “machine-like” heart murmurPDA (close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE
analogs) - 40Chest pain on exertionAngina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with
minimal exertion or at rest) - 41Chest pain with ST depressions on ECGAngina (⊝ troponins) or NSTEMI (⊕ troponins)
- 42Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MIDressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI
fibrinous pericarditis, 2 weeks to several months after
acute episode) - 43Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toesOsler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex
deposition) - 44Painless erythematous lesions on palms and solesJaneway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/
microabscesses) - 45Splinter hemorrhages in fingernailsBacterial endocarditis
- 46Retinal hemorrhages with pale centersRoth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
- 47Distant heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotensionBeck triad of cardiac tamponade
- 48Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue, hand-foot changesKawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome,
treat with IVIG and aspirin) - 49Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuriaImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein
purpura, affects skin and kidneys) - 50Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuriaHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-
Rendu syndrome) - 51Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue1° adrenocortical insufficiency leads to increased ACTH, increased α-MSH (eg,
Addison disease) - 52Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasmCarcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions,
increased 5-HIAA) - 53Cold intolerance, weight gain, brittle hairHypothyroidism
- 54Cutaneous/dermal edema due to deposition of mucopolysaccharides in connective tissueMyxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease
[pretibial]) - 55Facial muscle spasm upon tappingChvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
- 56No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intoleranceSheehan syndrome (postpartum hemorrhage leading to
pituitary infarction) - 57Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilationDiabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respirations)
- 58Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumorsMEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
- 59Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis, Marfanoid habitusMEN 2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation)
- 60Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytomaMEN 2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation)
- 61Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladderCourvoisier sign (distal malignant obstruction of biliary
tree) - 62Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerationsMallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
- 63Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemiaPlummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma) - 64Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular nodeVirchow node (abdominal metastasis)
- 65Arthralgias, adenopathy, cardiac and neurological symptoms, diarrheaWhipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
- 66Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQRovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
- 67Severe RLQ pain with deep tendernessMcBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
- 68Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmented macules on mouth, feet, hands, genitaliaPeutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can
cause bowel obstruction; cancer risk, mainly GI) - 69Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teethGardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
- 70Golden brown rings around peripheral corneaWilson disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper
accumulation) - 71Fat, female, forty, fertileCholelithiasis (gallstones)
- 72Painless jaundiceCancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
- 73Bluish line on gingivaBurton line (lead poisoning)
- 74Short stature, café-au-lait spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemiaFanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair;
often progresses to AML) - 75Red/pink urine, fragile RBCsParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- 76Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemiaCold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic
anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious
mononucleosis, CLL) - 77Petechiae, mucosal bleeding, prolonged bleeding timePlatelet disorders (eg, Glanzmann thrombasthenia,
Bernard Soulier, HUS, TTP, ITP) - 78Fever, night sweats, weight lossB symptoms of malignancy
- 79Skin patches/plaques, Pautrier microabscesses, atypical T cellsMycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or
Sézary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant
T cells in blood) - 80WBCs that look “smudged”CLL
- 81Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth, arm in “waiter’s tip” positionErb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5–C6] brachial
plexus injury) - 82Anterior drawer sign ⊕Anterior cruciate ligament injury
- 83Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritisOsteitis deformans (Paget disease of bone, osteoblastic
and osteoclastic activity) - 84Swollen, hard, painful finger joints in an elderly individual, pain worse with activityOsteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP
[Heberden nodes]) - 85Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophiGout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
- 86Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritisSjögren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine
glands) - 87Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a maleReactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
- 88Anticentromere antibodiesScleroderma (CREST)
- 89Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDSKaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
- 90Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodiesPemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
- 91Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)Lichen planus
- 92—
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- usmle Medicine FlashCards sobre USMLE Rapid Review (Classic Presentations), criado por shaikhnbakeable . em 10-06-2020.
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