Flashcards
MCAT lipid structure and function
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1phospholipid structureamphipathic and forms the bilayer of biological membranes; contains a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail; the head groups are attached by a phosphodiester linkage and determines the phospholipids' function; saturation determines the phospholipid's fluidity
- 2glycerophospholipidsphospholipids with a glycerol backbone
- 3sphingolipidscontain sphingosine or sphingoid backbone; many (but not all) are phospholipids (sphingophospholipids)
- 4sphingomyelinsa major class of sphingophospholipids and contain phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine head group; a major component of the myelin sheath
- 5glycophospholipidsattached to sugar moieties instead of a phosphate group; cerebrosides: one sugar connected to sphingosine; globosides: two or more sugars connected to sphingosine
- 6gangliosidesoligosaccharides with at least one terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA or sialic acid)
- 7waxeslong-chain fatty acids esterified to long-chain alcohols; used as protection against evaporation and parasites in plants and animals
- 8terpenes & terpenoidsodiferous steroid precursors made from isoprene (five-carbon molecule); one terpene unit contains two isoprenes; terpenoids are derived from terpenes oxygenation or backbone rearrangement
- 9steroidscontain three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring
- 10steroid hormoneshave high-affinity receptors, work at low concentrations, and affect gene expression and metabolism
- 11cholesterolsteroid important for membrane fluidity & stability; serves as a precursor to other molecules
- 12prostaglandinsautocrine and paracrine signaling molecules that regulate cAMP levels; powerful effects on smooth muscle contraction, body temperature, the sleep-wake cycle, fever, and pain
- 13Vitamin Acarotene; metabolized to retinal for vision and retinoic acid for gene expression in epithelial development
- 14Vitamin Dcholecalciferol; metabolized to calcitriol in the kidneys and regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the intestines, promoting bone formation; a deficiency causes rickets
- 15Vitamin Etocopherols; act as biological antioxidants; destroy free radicals, preventing oxidative damage
- 16Vitamin Kquinones; important for the formation of prothrombin, a clotting factor; performs posttranslational modifications
- 17triacylglycerolscontain one glycerol attached to three fatty acids by ester bonds; have twice as much energy per gram than carbs; very hydrophobic
- 18adipocytesstorage of large triacylglycerol deposits
- 19saponificationthe formation of soap; ester hydrolysis of triacylglycerol using lye
- 20soapsacts as surfactants forming micelles
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- FlashCards sobre MCAT lipid structure and function , criado por Saige Boris em 17-08-2020.
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- Saige Boris
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