Flashcards

Glossary

LAURA DE LA FUENTE GARCIA Espanhol 36 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (36)

1—It is the natural science that studies the fundamental components of the Universe, energy, matter, space-time and fundamental interactions. Physics is a basic science closely linked with mathematics and logic in the formulation and quantification of its principles .
2—It is the branch of physics that studies the laws of the behavior of macroscopic physical bodies at rest and at small speeds compared to the speed of light.
3—Understand the relationship between the forces that govern nature: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear energy and weak nuclear energy. Understand and achieve a unification theory, in order to understand the universe and its particles.
4—Study and unify electrical and magnetic phenomena in a single theory. Electromagnetism describes the interaction of charged particles with electric and magnetic fields.
5—Studies nature at small spatial scales, atomic and subatomic systems and their interactions with electromagnetic radiation, in terms of observable quantities
6—Branch of interdisciplinary physics that studies sound, infrasound and ultrasound, that is, mechanical waves that propagate through matter by means of physical and mathematical models.
7—Branch of physics that describes the states of thermodynamic equilibrium at the macroscopic level.
Study the mechanical action of heat and the other forms of energy.
8—Branch of physics that involves the study of the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter, as well as the construction of instruments that use it or detect it.
9—It is the development and study of physics applied to astronomy It studies stars, planets, galaxies, black holes and other astronomical objects as physical bodies, including their composition, structure and evolution.
10—It is the branch of knowledge that studies the universe as a whole. It is the science that studies everything that is outside our planet.
11—Kinematics is the branch of mechanics that describes the movement of solid objects without considering the causes that originate it and is mainly limited to the study of the trajectory as a function of time.
12—It is the branch of physics that describes the evolution over time of a physical system in relation to the reasons or causes that cause changes in physical state or state of movement.
13—It is one of the most obvious physical phenomena, being easily observable. Its study allows us to understand the movement of objects.
It serves as the basis for the study of other less common ones, such as satellites, planets, stars and many more.
14Movimientos de translaciónTranslational motion is the motion in which all points on a moving body move uniformly in the same line or direction. If an object is executing a translational motion, then there is no change in its orientation with respect to a fixed point.
15Movimiento rotacionalPurely rotational motion occurs if each particle in the body moves in a circle around a single line. This line is called the axis of rotation. So the radius vectors from the axis to all the particles experience the same angular displacement at the same time. It is not necessary for the axis of rotation to pass through the body.
16—It is the type of movement that repeats itself after certain intervals of time.
17—The position of a particle indicates its location in space or spacetime. It is represented by coordinate systems. In mechanics the position of a particle in space is represented as a physical quantity with respect to a reference coordinate system.
18DesplazamientoDisplacement is defined as the change in position of an object. It can be defined mathematically with the following equation: Displacement = Δx = xf - x 0
19DistanciaDistance is the total length of the path made by a moving object between two points. It is expressed in a scalar magnitude, using units of length, mainly the meter, according to the International System of Units
20—It is the amount of space traveled per unit of time with which a body moves in a certain direction and direction. It is a vector whose module, its numerical value, can be calculated using the expression:
v = Δd / Δt
21RapidezIt is the relationship between the distance traveled by a body and the time taken to cover it. As such, it is a scalar physical quantity, and can be measured in kilometers, miles, or knots per hour.
22—A position-time graph or position-time diagram allows us to establish in which position a particle is located given a time t.
23—The average acceleration between two points P1 and P2 is defined as the division of the variation in speed and the time elapsed between both points:
24—The slope of a velocity graph represents the acceleration of the object. So the value of the slope at a particular time represents the acceleration of the object at that instant.
25—Free fall is a uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion or uniformly varied rectilinear motion in which a body is dropped vertically from a certain height and encounters no resistance in its path.
26—The vertical throw is a uniformly accelerated rectilinear movement in which the body is thrown vertically with a certain initial velocity from the height and does not encounter any repetitions in its path.
27—We say that a body has acceleration when its velocity varies over time either by:
module
or in direction
Therefore, the acceleration is a vector quantity.
28—Time is called a magnitude that serves to measure the duration or the separation of one or more events.
is represented by the variable t, its unit of measurement in the International System is the second (s)
29Velocidad FinalIt is the maximum speed that a body reaches moving in an infinite fluid under the action of a constant force.
30—The average velocity of a body moving between two points P1 and P2 is defined as the quotient between the displacement vector and the time interval in which the displacement occurs.
31AlturaPath that can be traveled vertically between an object or body and the ground or any other surface that it takes as a reference.
32—Oblique shots are the most common case of movement in two dimensions, and combine two types of movement into one:
The HORIZONTAL movement of the oblique type is a Uniform Rectilinear Movement, since it advances equal spaces in equal times.
The VERTICAL movement of the oblique shot is a Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Movement, due to the presence of gravitational acceleration, forming an upward and downward trajectory.
33—Parabolic motion is free-falling in a moving frame of reference. Regardless of air resistance, the horizontal component of the speed of a project remains constant, while the vertical component is independently subject to a constant downward acceleration in other words, gravity intervenes which causes objects to fall to the ground. .
34ReferenciasHerrera González, J. E. (2016). Tiro parabólico. Vida Científica Boletín Científico De La Escuela Preparatoria No. 4, 4(8). Recuperado a partir de https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/prepa4/article/view/431
Tiro Oblicuo - Mecánica Técnica SAFA. (s. f.). Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://sites.google.com/site/mecanicatecnicasafa/tiro-oblicuo
Caída Libre - FísicaLab. (s. f.). Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/caida-libre
"Distancia". En: Significados.com. Disponible en: https://www.significados.com/distancia/ Consultado: 5 de noviembre de 2020
35ReferenciasFernández, J. L. (s. f.). Velocidad Media - FisicaLab. Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/velocidad-media
Pérez, J. (2009). Definición de altura — Definicion.de. Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://definicion.de/altura/
Fernández, J. L. (s. f.-a). Aceleración - FisicaLab. Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/aceleracion
36Referencias"Tiempo en Física". Autor: María Estela Raffino. De: Argentina. Para: Concepto.de. Disponible en: https://concepto.de/tiempo-en-fisica/. Consultado: 06 de noviembre de 2020.
Fernández, J. L. (s. f.-b). Aceleración media - Fisicalab. Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/aceleracion-media
Gráfica posición tiempo movimiento rectilíneo uniforme. (s. f.). Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://www.celeberrima.com/grafica-posicion-tiempo-movimiento-rectilineo-uniforme/
¿Qué son las gráficas de velocidad contra tiempo? (artículo). (s. f.). Recuperado 5 de noviembre de 2020, de https://es.khanacademy.org/science/physics/one-dimensional-motion/acceleration-tutorial/a/what-are-velocity-vs-time-graphs#:%7E:text=%C2%BFQu%C3%A9%20representa%20la%20pendiente%20en,del%20objeto%20en%20ese%20instante.