Flashcards
Human Development Final
Flashcards do conjunto (93)
- 1primary sexual characteristic maturation refers to:organs that are directly involved in reproduction
- 2define menarchethe onset of menstruation
- 3what drives the onset of puberty?the pituitary gland.
- 4what is spermarche?male's first spontaneus ejaculation with semen.
- 5menarche occurs younger in girls that:experience alot of family conflict
- 6observations that girls may begin menarche earlier when their fathers are no longer living at home is:an off shoot of paternal investment theory which emphasizes the role of fathers in puberty timing.
- 7causes for teenage moodiness:changes in activities and social settings.
- 8early maturation longitudinal study, boys vs girls:good for boys, bad for girls: boys are: popular, confident and independent. girls are often depressed, have behaviour problems and smoke/drink.
- 9typical teen girl (13-15) needs 2200 calories 2100 at 16-19. typical teen boy needs 2800 between 13-15 and 3200 between 16-19remember the numbers: 2200, 2100/ 2800, 3200
- 10psychological effects of obesity on youngsters:low self esteem
unpopular
health concerns
health risks like heart disease and diabetes as adults. - 11very heavy for height = bmi of 25 obese =30
- 12fast food is ONE risky teen diet. what's another?rapid weight loss. 10 pounds in 2 weeks.
- 13what are The Twisted Sisters?anorexia and bulemia nervosa
- 14list some predispositions for an eating disorder:-history of dieting
-pica
-mood/anxiety disorder
-overprotective parenting
-being female
-pressure from autocratic parents
-normal female 'fat spurt'
-a lacking sense of control over their lives: girls can control their weight. - 15who pioneered a theory of moral thinking?kohlberg
- 16Eisenberg's prosocial reasoning: pursuing one's own desireshedonistic orientation
- 17Eisenberg's prosocial reasoning: when a child is concerned about the needs of others and want to help.needs-oriented orientation.
- 18eisenberg's prosocial reasoning: the 'pleaser' child that behaves as they think society wants (gay/straight/masculine/feminine)stereotyped approval-focused orientation
- 19term for teenage self absorption:adolescent egocentrism
- 204 main characteristics of adolescent thinking:adolescent egocentrism
imaginary audience
personal fable
illusion of invulnerability - 21teenage mothers' infrequent use of contraceptives:-ignorance
-illusion of invulnerability
-lack of motivation
-lack of access - 22same sex teen relationships:15%
- 23debunked sexual orientation theories:-sons become gay with a strong mother and a weak father.
-daddy's girls become lesbians
-children raised by gay parents imitate.
-gay adults must have been molested by someone of their gender. - 24acquaintance rapedate rape
- 25juvenile delinquency indicators:adolescent-limited antisocial behaviour (which passes)
may become Life course persistent antisocial behaviour - 26juvenile delinquency contributors:impulsivity, lack of patience
inadequate parental supervision
poverty (authoritarian parenting and lax monitoring) - 27define a role transition:a manner in which an assessment of whether or not adulthood has been reached. involves assuming new responsibilities and duties.
- 28examples of western role transitions:getting married
buying a house
getting a degree
becoming a parent - 29__________ are more important in non-western culture to measure adulthood.rites of passage:
for boys- provide, protect and impregnate.
for girls- menarche. - 30for the most part _________ is the most important non western marker of adulthood.marriage.
- 31which of erikson's conflicts applies for young adults?intimacy versus isolation.
- 32when is a human being an adult?between 18 and 25. the term 'thresholder' applies in the interim. not adolescents but neither fully adult either.
- 33what are the 2 separate and distinct patterns for intimacy vs isolation?men and career oriented women who seek to resolve identity before intimacy. woman can show the reverse: looking for intimacy first, but others seek to resolve both at the same time: entering relationships that allow them to have identities based on caring for others.
- 34leading causes of death for young adults between 20-39:1) accidents
2) suicide
3)cancer - 35define binge drinking:5 or more drinks on one occasion 12 or more times a year.
- 36most theories of intelligence are:multidimensional
- 37define multidimensional:identify several (multiple dimensions of) types of intellectual abilities.
- 38the concept that cognitive patterning varies from individual to individual:interindividual variability
- 39the adaptive aspect of both personality, brain structures and neural nets:neuro plasticity.
- 40number, word fluency, verbal meaning, inductive reasoning and spatial orientation are all examples of what?primary abilities per Horn.
- 41how many primary abilities were listed by Horn?roughly 25.
- 42post formal thought (after concrete operational and formal operational):the recognition that truth may vary from situation to situation and that solutions must be realistic to be reasonable.
- 43kramer's theories of reflexive judgement:1)absolutist (only ONE right answer)
2)relativistic (like parallel play: i'll do my thing you do yours)
3)dialectic (see the merits of all perspectives and unify the components as a whole answer.) - 44friendships in adulthood are based primarily on what?feelings, grounded in reciprocity and choice.
- 45what does the acronym ABCDE stand for?Aacquaintanceship, Buildup, Continuation, Deterioration and Ending. (per Levinger)
- 46when do people tend to have more friends and acquaintances?young adulthood
- 473 broad theme that underlie adult friendships are:the affective basis, the shared/communal nature, and the compatibility element
- 48what are the different basis' for male vs female friendships?female: intimacy and emotional sharing.
male: shared activities or interests. - 49what are the 3 basic components of love according to sternberg?passion, intimacy, commitment
- 50explain the concept of assortative mating:people find partners based on their similarity to each other.
- 51men tend to stay single longer because:they tend to marry at a later age.
- 52Holland review-- what are the 6 personality types relevant to career path?investigative, social, realistic, artistic, conventionl and enterprising.
- 53Super's Theory: continuum of Vocational Maturity5 stages: IMPLEMENTATION
ESTABLISHMENT
MAINTENANCE
DECELERATION
RETIREMENT - 54briefly describe Super's 5 stages:IMPLEMENTATION: young adults trying out possible career choices.
ESTABLISHMENT:specifying occupation and advancing.
MAINTENANCE: middle age. reduce time in work roles, possibly increasing time volunteering.
DECELERATION: planning for retirement, separating themselves from their work.
RETIREMENT: stop full time work, implement plans from previous stages. - 55vocational dreams:forming a dream, with one's career playing a prominent role, is an important role for the young adult to fulfill.
- 56what is 'reality shock'?describes the transition from school to the real world. idealism meets the realities of the pragmatism within the sphere of employment. this may include the realities of gender bias for and against pay.
- 57what is a mentor?a mentor is part:
older
role model
part teacher
part counsellor
provides information - 58alienation in the job place:common in assembly line jobs. repetitive. don't see the end results. employees feel devalued, like what they are doing is meaningless. will describe themselves as 'nameless, faceless cogs in a machine.'
- 59strongest predicator of alienation:presence of cynicism as character trait.
- 60define 'burnout':depletion of of person's energy and motivation, loss of occupational idealism, feeling of exploitation.
- 61women in non traditional jobs (construction/engineering/auto industry) are usually:viewed with less respect by both men and women than a man in the same position.
- 62list some reasons for women's workplace participation being discontinuous:devaluation of female contributions (interdependency, collaboration), over valuation of male contributions-- individuality, self sufficiency, competition, tangible results.
- 63leisure activity classifications:CULTURAL: sports events, concerts, meetings
PHYSICAL:basketball, hiking, gardening
SOCIAL:friends, parties, solitary activities
SOLITARY: reading, music, tv - 64personality type...A: competitive, angry, hostile, restless, impatient (think fortune 500)
B: opposite to A, very laid back. - 65practical intelligence:range of skills related to how individuals shape, select or adpt to their social environments.
- 66filial obligation:the sense of responsibility a chilid feels for older parents.
- 67kinkeeper:middle aged mothers more than fathers. keeps family members in touch, gathers them for special occasions, etc.
- 68midlife challenges can be negotiated successfully using a tool called:ego resiliency.
- 69grand parent levels of meaning:1.centrality: most important thing
2.valued elder: seen as being wise
3.indulgence: spoiling kids
4.reinvolvement with personal past: remembering their own GPs
5.immortality through clan: proud of fact to be followed by TWO (not one) generations. - 70competence:the upper limit of a person's ability to function within: physical health, sensory/perceptual, motor skills, cognitive skills, and ego strength.
- 71environmental press:physical, interpsersonal and social demands that the environment puts on people.
- 72proactivity:choosing new behaviours to meet new desires or needs.
- 73docility:people who allow the situation to dictate the options they have.
- 74later life struggle:integrity versus despair
- 75integrity versus despair leads people to:a life review
- 76define life review:reflection on events and experiences they have had over their lifetime.
- 77spiritul/religious support and older adults:feelings of self worth are lowest in people with little religious commitment.
- 78biological theories of aging:wear and tear, cellular (Hayflick), cellular (free radicals, cross linking), metabolic theories, programmed cell death theories.
- 79numerous small vascular accidents equate to:vascular dementia
- 80TIA stands for:transient ischemic attack (micro/warning stroke)
- 81define presbyopia:difficulty focusing on objects in close proximity-- longer arms or corrective lenses.
- 82the only universally agreed upon sign of aging:psychomotor slowing
- 83continuity theory states:people apply familiar strategies based on past experience to daily life in later adulthood.
- 84boethics is the study of what?the interface betwee human values and technological advances in health and life sciences.
- 85types of euthanasia:active and passive (DNR).
- 86kubler-ross stages:denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
- 87terror management theory:why people engage in certain behaviours to achieve certain psychological states.
- 88death anxiety:benefit is that we will go to great lengths to insure we stay alive.
older adults have lower death anxiety. - 89management of the final phase of life/ after death/ memorium services/ distribution of assetsend-of-life issues
- 90discussing 'putting ones affairs in order':final scenario discussion.
- 91hospice types:inpatient
outpatient - 92traumatic grief reactions:loneliness and guilt become so profound here is never any closure. can result in SEPARATION DISTRESS and/or TRAUMATIC DISTRESS. manifest as: excessive guilt and self blame, judgement errors, agitated depression.
traumatic grief diagnosis involves a time factor: strong grief 10 years later. - 93the 4 component grief model is comprised of:1.context of loss
2.continuation of subjective meaning associated with loss
3.changing representations of the lost relationship over time
4.role of coping and emotion regulation.
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre Human Development Final, criado por jamesinredandbla em 08-11-2013.
- Criado por
- jamesinredandbla · nov 2013
- Atualizado
- 16 fev 2018
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