Flashcards
anatomy chapter 8
Flashcards do conjunto (58)
- 1joints are also called _____articulations
- 2jointwhere 2+ bones come together, give mobility, hold skeleton together
- 32 classifications of jointsfunctional and structural
- 4functional classifications of jointshow much movement is allowed, 3 types: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses
- 5synarthrosesimmovable joint
- 6ampiarthroseslittle movement allowed
- 7diathroseslarge range of motion allowed
- 8structural classifications of jointswhat material holds bone together, 3 classifications: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints
- 9fibrous jointsbones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue, made up of many collagen fibers, very strong, immovable (synarthroses), no joint cavity, 3 types (sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
- 103 types of fibrous jointsgomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses
- 11suturestype of fibrous joint, found in skull, small ability to expand, provide structural stability
- 12syndesmosestype of fibrous joint, bone held together by ligament (ex. tibia/fibula), not much movement allowed
- 13gomphosestype of fibrous joint, found in teeth, anchors them/where they attach
- 14cartilaginous jointsbones connected with cartilage, not very movable, no joint cavity, 2 types: synchondroses, symphyses
- 15synchondrosestype of cartilaginous joint, found in connection b/t 1st rib and sternum, and epiphyseal plate, flexible, ability to expand, made of hyaline cartilage
- 16symphesestype of cartilaginous joint, allows for cushioning and accepts stress, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis, made of fibrocartilage
- 176 features of synovial joints1- articular cartilage
2- synovial cavity
3- articular joint capsule
4- synovial fluid
5- diff. types of ligaments
6- well innervated - 18function of articular joint capsulehelps bones stay together
- 192 layers of joint capsule and functionsfibrous (external) layer- continuous w/periosteum of bone, synovial membrane layer- forms synovial fluid
- 20synovial fluidpresent in joint capsules, provides nutrients to hyaline cartilage (sponge), acts as thick lubricant to help bones move freely
- 21ligament functions in synovial jointssince these joints are freely moveable they need lots of stability- ligaments reinforce and stabilize the joints
- 22function of fatty pads in synovial jointscushioning
- 23function of menisci/articular discs in synovial jointsdeepens the joint capsule to allow for better connection between bones, stabilizes joint
- 24where are articular discs present in the bodyknees
- 25bursaestructure associated w/synovial joint, fluid-filled sac, has a rolling motion, prevents friction where ligaments and bone rub together
- 26tendon sheathextension of bursa, wrapped completely around tendon to reduce friction
- 27what is a stabilizing factor of synovial jointgood muscle tone (for muscles that cross the joint)
- 28all muscles have connections at ___ parts2
- 292 points of muscle attachment are called:origin (immovable), insertion (moveable)
- 30origin is attached to _____ boneimmoveable
- 31insertion is attached to _______ bonemoveable
- 323 general types of movements for synovial jointsgliding, angular, rotation
- 33gliding movementwhere 2 flat bones glid over each other, wrist
- 34rotation movementbone moves around its central axis, medial/lateral rotation
- 35examples of rotation movementneck moving left to right, hip rotation (toe forward, then to the side)
- 36angular movementincrease or decrease the angle between 2 bones
- 37types of angular movementflexion, extension, ABduction, ADduction, circumduction
- 38flexiontype of angular movement, decreases angle of joint (think flexing bi's)
- 39extensiontype of angular movement, increases angle of joint (ex. putting arms back out straight)
- 40ABductiontype of angular movement, movement away from midline
- 41ADductiontype of angular movement, movement toward midline
- 42circumductiontype of angular movement, only present at ball/socket joints (shoulder/hip), ability to move in a circle
- 43sup/pronationsupination- palm facing upward
pronation- palm facing downward
ulna and radius - 44dorsi/plantar flexiondorsiflexion- toes pointed up
plantar flexion- toes pointed down - 45pro/retractionprotraction- jaw forward
retraction- jaw back in - 46elevation/depressionelevation- shoulders shrug up
depression- shoulders shrug back down - 476 types of synovial jointsbased on shape of articular surfaces:
hinge, plane, ball-socket, pivot, condylar, saddle - 48hinge synovial joint location and movementulna and humerus (elbow), flexion and extension
- 49pivot joint location and movementproximal end of ulna and radius, pronation and supination
- 50ball-socket joint location and movementmultiaxial movement, hip and shoulder
- 51what is the largest, most complex joint in the bodyknee joint
- 52what are the three joints in the kneefemoropatellar joint, lateral/medial tibiofemoral joints
- 53the patella acts as a ______pulley
- 54meniscuscurved surface of cartilage, gives knees added stability
- 55types of intracapsular ligaments in knee joint and functionanterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), prevents tibial movement too far forward or back
- 56arthroscopic surgerysurgery done to repair ligaments
- 57sprainwhen reinforcing ligament is stretched or torn (doesn't heal well)
- 58subluxationpartial dislocation of a joint
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre anatomy chapter 8, criado por Reanna Hammad em 23-02-2022.
- Criado por
- Reanna Hammad
- Visualizações
- 0
- Avaliação