Flashcards
ComputerFundamentals -Book Review
Flashcards do conjunto (35)
- 1CPU Control Unitfollows instructions to move data, tells the logic unit what to do with it, and deals with input and output data (may have more than one in a computer)
- 2CPU Logic Unitcarries out the operations on the data from inputs and memory. The speed of a CPU = # of commands /sec it can carry out.
- 3Variablerepresents a piece of data that is determined and re-determined as the process goes on. Created with a "declaration" statement
- 4Function = ?group of commands that a program may need to perform any times. Usually take inputs, called arguments, and return a result
- 5All variables and functions must be "declared" =T/F?True
- 6ArraysArray= a series of variables or values in a specific order- usually use square brackets
- 7StringSpecific type of array that is made up of single characters. usually identified by being in single or double quotes
- 8ObjectVariables that contain KEy-Value pairs , functions, or even other variables
- 9BitA single character consisting of 1 or 0
- 10UnicodeTranslation table to understand the combination of bits and what they represent
- 11HOw many bits in a Nibble, Bye, Word, Quadword?Nibble = 4 bits
Byte = 8 bits
Word = 16 bits
Quadword= 64 bits - 12What is Machine codeBinary codes - 1, 0 only Usually each processor has its own instruction set architecture that machine code works
- 13ASsembly LanguageAbstraction to use human readable language to represent the commands that are translated into machine code by an "assembler"
- 14How does an Assembler work?Assemblers use information about the instruction set and machine architecture to convert instructions into binary code.
- 15What is a compiled lanaguage?Statements are human readable. The compiler than converts the language into machine code using multiple optimizers and error checkers in various sequences, compiling changes on top of each other.
- 16What are computer program "operators"symbols for logical and arithmetic operations
- 17There is an order of operations in a computer program similar to math - T/FTrue
- 18What is an interpreted programming language?use Just in Time compiling to run each instruction without waiting for a compiler first.
- 19What is Dynamic Typing of Variables?The interpreter will figure out the variable type without being told explicitely
- 20What are Control structure in programming ?Blocks of code including sequential blocks, conditional blocks, iterative blocks, and recursive blocks
- 21What is a sequential block of code?The program executes the statements in order through the program
- 22What are conditional Blocks of codeIf/Else and Switch - executes several possible sets of instructions based on answers to a True /False question. Switch statements usually check values of a variable to make the decision
- 23What is an exception handler?conditional structure which handles errors or exceptions and does something about it.
- 24What is an iterative block of code?While/For loops - repeat a sequence of instructions repeatedly until a condition is met
A for loop is similar - 25What is zero-indexing ?When languages start at character "0" instead of "1"..i.e. in hello, h = index position 0, not 1
- 26what is Recursion in programming?A recursive process calls itself, sometimes many times, to reach an answer
- 27Name the 8 aspects of software quality?Functional stability
Performance Efficiency
Compatibility
Usability
Reliability
Security
Maintainability
Portability - 28what is the definition of computational Thinking?Denning = the mental skills and practices for designing computations that get computers to do their jobs for us, and explaining and interpreting the world as complex information processes
- 29What is decomposition?the process of breaking down a large problem into smaller problems that return results to the main problem to accomplish /solve the main problem
- 30What is the difference between parallel processing and asynchronous processing?Parallel Processing = two threads executing simultaneously without waiting for the other thread.
Asynchronous = similar but the two threads don't work at the same "rhythm" - 31What is the purpose of Program Commenting?1) writing down a chain of thought that might reveal errors or reasons for errors
2) increase understanding of the code by others or even the programmer - 32What is an API?The specific commands and procedures for one program to communicate with a second program
- 33What is a "full stack" developer?One who can work with teh client, server, and database?i.e. LAMP stack - Linux OS, Apache web server, MySql database and PHP scripting language
- 34What systems use Declarative programming languages?Databases
- 35What is unit testing?Code architects devise tests for the code for each aspect of the software to see if the program works properly