Flashcards
P10: Logical Fallacies and Laws of Persuasion
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1Strawman Fallacy"People who oppose gun control are potential terrorists. We cannot allow terrorists to decide our laws. All guns should be banned!"
Changing, distorting or exaggerating someone's position to make it easier to refute. - 2The False Dichotomy"Vegan food is lower in protein than meat-based food. Therefore, you cannot be a vegan bodybuilder."
Incorrectly thinking that a choice can be made based on only one of two options. In fact, alternative possibilities exist. - 3Burden of Proof Fallacy"You have stolen my watch! You don't have any evidences to prove you don't"
Occurs when someone who is making a claim, puts the burden of proof on another party to disprove what they are claiming. - 4Slippery Slope Fallacy"If today you buy the AirPod Max, then tomorrow you will buy the IPhone and soon you will ony own Apple products!"
Takes the argument in one direction with a series of steps leading to a much more extreme outcome - 5False cause fallacy"I entered CityU through the middle door and ended up dumping my exam. The door must be cursed!"
People tend to associate something with something else because of mere proximity of time. - 6Tu Quoque - You Too"My parents always want me to study well. But how can they make such as request, they always had bad grades!"
Dismissing someone's viewpoint because he himself is inconsistent in that very thing - 7Ad Hominem Attack"Bill claims that it was an accident, but we know Bill is a liar, so we can't take his word for it."
Attack the person making an argument instead of the argument itself - 8Bad Reason Fallacy"Ostrich cannot fly, therefore they aren't birds"
The reason A given for argument B is bad, therfore conclusion B is not valid - 9Hasty Generalizaion"All plumbers are rich. I just went to an international convention and studiet 3000 plumbers. THey all made a lot of money."
Is the sample representative? Any bias? IS the sample large enough? - 10Tautology"Judge, I am not lying! Because I never lie."
Utilizes cirular reasoning, which means that the conclusion is also its own premise. - 11Red Herring Fallacy"Women march for their rights on the street. The Prime Minister stands up in parliament and argus these women should be grateful they live in a country where they can protest peacefully"
Refers to a distraction designed to confuse people from the issue at hand. It usually introduces irrelevant points. - 12Appeal to Tradition"My mother and her mother always cooked fish that way. It certainly is the right way to do!"
Claims something as well-established or proven because it is traditional - 13Appeal to Common Practive"No teacher in university will punish students because of 5min. Prof Chan, you are so mean and unreasonable to set tthe "no late arrival" policy!"
If other people do something, then it should be reasonable to do as well! - 14Appeal to Nature"Use this 100% natural deodorant. The other one's are filled with chemicals and surelya re bad for you."
Everything natural is always better for you. - 15Law of ObligationIf I do something nice to you, then you will feel a pressure to do something nice back. Reciprocity will make people able to quickly decide something for someone based on their prior experience with that person.
- 16Law of ContrastDoor-in-the-face or Foot-in-the-Door
- 17Law of Connectivitythe more we feel connected to, part of, liked by, or attracted to someone, the more persuasive they become. Attraction, similarity, people skills (humour and such)
- 18Law of Involvementthe more you involve a person mentally and physically, the more effective and persuasive you will be. Increase participation, role playing (try to take advantage of vicarious experiences), engage 5 senses
- 19Law of Social Validationpeople use others’ behaviour as a way to validate their actions. People tend to act in ways that are consistent w group norms. Make things open and visible, identify the people around your target, separate the target from the crowded opponents
- 20Law of Expectationswhen we know someone expects smth from us, we will try to satisfy him or her in order to gain respect and likability. Expect w confidence, social labelling (if you are labelled as an innovator, you will take more risks)
- 21Law of Esteempeople like to be valued and respected, people will act and behave in a certain way in order to validate compliments. Give sincere praise, make others feel important
- 22Law of DissonancePeople will naturally act in a manner that is consistent with their cognitions
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- FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por Alice Boss em 07-12-2022.
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