Flashcards
Six Nutrient Categories and Their Functions
Flashcards do conjunto (5)
- 1The six categories of nutrients are: Basic functions of these nutrients:Carbohydrates - Supplies energy to all cells in the body.
Lipids -structural components of cell membranes, energy storehouses, and signals molecules.
Proteins- Provides structure and support for cells, enzymatic activity, transport, defense, signaling, and movement.
Water – solvent, regulates body temperature, transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes waste products, lubricates joints and tissues, involved in many biochemical reactions like hydrolysis, and helps maintain cell structure and function.
Vitamins- Energy production, helps maintain a healthy immune system, maintains strong and healthy bones, antioxidants protecting cells from damage.
Minerals- Bone and teeth formation, important for muscle contraction and relaxation, transmit nerve impulses, carries oxygen in blood, and cofactors for enzymes, speeding up biochemical reactions. - 2Nutrients that provide kilocalories (energy): A food this nutrient is found in:1. Carbohydrates 4 kcal/gm Apples, bananas, berries, and oranges
2. Proteins 4 kcal/gm Meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy
3. ¬ Fats 9 kcal/gm. Avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, fatty fish.
Non-nutrient that provides kilocalories:
¬Alcohol 7 kcal/gm - 3A person needs kcals for these 3 things (these are what kcals are used for):1. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The energy required for basic physiological functions like breathing, circulation, and cell production while at rest.
2. Physical Activity: The energy needed for all forms of movement and exercise, from walking to intense workouts.
3. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF): The energy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize the food we eat.
Basal metabolic rate is affected by: Age, Gender, Body composition, genetics, hormones, environmental temperature. - 4Phytochemicals are:: Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants. They have various health benefits like antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory, immune system support, cancer prevention, and cardiovascular health.
Phytochemicals are found in these foods:
Fruits: Berries, citrus fruits, apples, and grapes
Veggies: Broccoli, kale, spinach, tomatoes, carrots, peppers.
Legumes: Beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas.
Nuts and seeds: Almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.
Whole grains: brown rice, quinoa, oats, and barley.
Herbs and spices: Garlic turmeric, ginger, cinnamon, and parsley.
Tea and coffee: both contain various phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. - 5What makes a nutrient “essential”?1. **Cannot Be Synthesized by the Body**: The body either cannot produce the nutrient at all or cannot produce it in sufficient quantities to meet its needs.
2. **Necessary for Normal Function**: The nutrient is required for normal physiological functions, such as growth, development, and maintenance of health.
3. **Must Be Obtained from the Diet**: Because the body cannot produce it, the nutrient must be obtained from food.
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- Final Nutrition Final exam FlashCards sobre Sem título, criado por DreaminqStar Light em 29-07-2024.
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