Flashcards
Knowledge
Flashcards do conjunto (20)
- 1Acquaintance knowledge (Knowledge by Acquaintance)Refers to having the knowledge 'OF'.
Eg. when you know someone because you have met them. - 2Ability Knowledge (Practical Knowledge)Refers to knowledge 'HOW' to do something
Eg. knowing how to speak Russian - 3Propositional Knowledge (Factual Knowledge)Refers to knowledge 'THAT' something is the case.
Eg. Knowing that squirrels collects nuts in the autumn - 4Propositional Knowledge IN DEPTH:.
- 5Tripartite Theory of knowledge (Plato)the view that knowledge is Justified, true belief. JTB is 'Necessary and Sufficient' for propositional knowledge
- 6Abbreviation of the expression; 'Subject knows a proposition'S (subject) knows that P (proposition) iff (If and only if)
*S believes that P
*P is true
*S is justified in believing in P
{THESE CONDITIONS ARE INDIVIDUALLY NECESSARY AND JOINTLY SUFFICIENT] - 7Tripartite view (Diagram)No two conditions are sufficient alone...
- 8NOT KNOWLEDGE : Example of something with Belief and truth but no JustificationGetting a phone call and before picking up you guess of someone and it is that person who has called.
- 9NOT KNOWLEDGE : Example of something with Justification and belief but no Truththinking the world is flat when in reality it is spherical.
- 10NOT KNOWLEDGE : Example of something that has Justification and truth but no belief.having no belief when your house is rotting but there is justification (because builders confirmed) and it is true.
- 11Problems with Tripartite theory of knowledge :*the conditions are not individually necessary
*cases of lucky true belief that the justification condition should be either strengthened, added to or replaced. - 12KNOWLEDGE : without beliefA man who takes a history test with the belief that he doesn't know the answers/information. But he gets all the answers correct despite the fact that he guessed them.
[Radford claims hat he knew the answers but just didnt have the belief] - 13KNOWLEDGE without JustificationChicken sexers can guess the sex of chicks when they are born. they just pick them up and 'know' whether they are male or female but cannot tell how they know.
- 14KNOWLEDGE without truthThe world being flat was believe to be knowledge at the time, but it lacked the truth.
- 15Gettier*the tripartite theory isn't enough. we could have all three conditions but it wouldn't be sufficient for knowledge.
- 16Gettier's Example : (SIMPLIFIED)*Fred believes that Sam is in his office
*Fred sees someone who looks just like Sam sitting at the desk in office.
*Fred is therefore, justified in believing Sam is in his office.
BUT, unknown to Fred, what he sees is not Sam but his twin brother Tim. Sam is hiding in the cabinet.
IT IS THEREFORE TRUE THAT SAM IS IN HIS OFFICE . - 17Infallibilism :A belief can only qualify as knowledge if its impossible for us to be mistaken
S knows P iff:
*S believes in P
*P is true
*S is justified in believing in P
-* S cannot be mistaken in believing in P - 18No False Lemmas (J+T+B+NL)Truth must be correctly connected to the evidence. Harmon suggested that incorrect connections lies in the fact that the persons chain of reasoning passes through a false step.
- 19Reliabilism : (R+T+B)Claims that a belief only counts as knowledge if its true and produced by a reliable process : One that produces a high percentage of true beliefs.
- 20Epistemic Virtue : (V+T+B)A belief can only be knowledge if the justification is replaced by a reliable person.