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Flashcards

Weeks 8-9: Light Measuring Systems

Robert Borden Medicine MLT Inglês 44 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (44)

  1. 1Abbott FreeStyle LibreA system utilizing reflectance photometry to monitor glucose levels in patients with diabetes
  2. 2Absorbance SpectrophotometryMeasures the amount of light absorbed by a sample at specific wavelengths, based on the Beer-Lambert Law
  3. 3Beckman Coulter AU Series, DxC SeriesAutomated clinical chemistry analyzer that integrates multiple testing methods, including spectrophotometry and turbidimetry
  4. 4Beer-Lambert LawRelates the absorbance of light to the concentration of an absorbing substance; used to measure the concentration of metabolites and compounds in biological samples
  5. 5Biuret AssayColorimetric assay where proteins react with copper ions in an alkaline solution to produce a color change that can be quantified by measuring absorbance at a specific wavelength
  6. 6Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)Types of detectors that detect light by converting it into an electrical charge, which is then processed into a digital signal, good for high-speed analysis of multiple wavelengths
  7. 7ChemiluminescenceThe emission of light due to a chemical reaction, often used in immunoassays where a substrate reaction produces light that is measured to quantify the concentration of a target analyte
  8. 8Colorimetric MethodType of absorbance spectrophotometry where the change and intensity of a sample’s colour is used to determine the concentration of an analyte, principal rooted in Beer-Lambert Law; used in immunoassays and biomarkers like CRP and TSH
  9. 9DetectorThe component of a light measuring system that is responsible for converting the transmitted or emitted light into an electrical signal that can be measured and processed
  10. 10EmissionWhen an excited fluorophore returns to its ground state by emitting light at a longer wavelength
  11. 11ExcitationWhen a fluorophore absorbs light at a specific excitation wavelength (often UV or visible light) and becomes excited to a higher energy state
  12. 12Flow CytometryAn advanced light-based technique that uses lasers to measure the optical and fluorescence properties of individual cells in a fluid stream, used for immunophenotyping and cancer diagnostics
  13. 13Fluorescence ImmunoassayFluorescently labeled antibodies to detect the presence of specific antigens or antibodies in a patient's sample; the fluorescence emission can be measured to detect infectious diseases, hormones, and autoimmune conditions
  14. 14Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA)A technique using fluorescence and measures the polarization of the emitted light influenced by molecular size (smaller molecules show greater polarization); commonly used for drug monitoring and hormones
  15. 15Flourescence SpectroscopyA technique involving the measurement of light emitted by a substance when it absorbs light at a specific wavelength and then re-emits it at a longer wavelength; sensitive even at low concentrations and can be used in biomarkers and immunoassays
  16. 16FlourophoresCertain molecules that can absorb light at one wavelength and then re-emit it at a longer wavelength
  17. 17HemolysisWhen hemoglobin and other cellular components are released during hemolysis can absorb light at certain wavelengths, leading to false absorbance readings
  18. 18i-STATA handheld analyzer that combines electrochemical sensors with light-based methods like spectrophotometry for testing various parameters in whole blood, tests for electrolytes, blood gases, and other parameters such as pH, CO2, O2, sodium, potassium, and calcium
  19. 19IcterusElevated levels of bilirubin often seen in jaundice; bilirubin can interfere with the absorbance measurements leading to potential misinterpretation of results
  20. 20Infrared SpectroscopySpectroscopy that utilizes the absorption of infrared light to probe the molecular structure of a sample; vibrational excitation and the absorption spectra provide a “fingerprint” of the molecular composition
  21. 21Light Measuring SystemsSystems help quantify substances by measuring the amount of light absorbed or transmitted
  22. 22LipemiaLipid particles can scatter light, leading to turbid samples and inaccurate quantification
  23. 23MonochromatorResponsible for isolating specific wavelengths of light from the light source, ensures that only the desired wavelength interacts with the sample; they are composed of filters, prisms, and diffraction gratings to filter light
  24. 24Multi-Point CalibrationA calibration curve by measuring the absorbance of multiple standards with known concentrations of the analyte
  25. 25Multiplex FlourescenceTechniques that utilize multiple fluorophores, each with distinct emission spectra, enabling the simultaneous detection of several analytes in one reaction, assess multiple biomarkers
  26. 26NephelometryMeasures the light scattered at a specific angle from the sample, rather than the decrease in transmitted light; more sensitive at lower concentrations than turbidimetry and used for immune complex concentrations and CRP
  27. 27PhotobleachingWhen fluorescent molecules lose their ability to fluoresce due to prolonged exposure to light, which can affect the accuracy of measurements
  28. 28PhotodiodesSemiconductor detectors that generate an electrical current when exposed to light
  29. 29Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs)Highly sensitive devices used to detect low levels of light, often used in fluorometers or chemiluminescence detectors
  30. 30Point-of-Care (POC) DevicesPortable diagnostic systems that leverage light measurement techniques for rapid, on-site testing
  31. 31ProcessorThe component that receives the electrical signal from the detector and converts it into a measurable concentration or absorbance value
  32. 32QuenchingWhen fluorescence signals can be quenched (reduced) by environmental factors that absorb or scatter light, which can interfere with measurements
  33. 33Readout SystemA system in reflectance photometry that processes the signals from the detector and displays the result, typically in the form of an analyte concentration reflectance
  34. 34PhotometryA method measuring the amount of light reflected off the surface of a sample to determine analyte concentration; used in point-of-care testing devices with small amounts of samples
  35. 35Raman ShiftIn Raman spectroscopy, when a small fraction is scattered inelastically, causing a shift in energy
  36. 36Raman SpectroscopyA powerful technique that analyzes molecular vibrations by measuring inelastic scattering of light from monochromatic light, is non-destructive
  37. 37Roche Cobas SeriesAn integrated platform that combines spectrophotometry, immunoassays, and fluorescence to provide rapid, reliable results
  38. 38SensitivityThe ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have a specific condition or disease; the proportion of true positive results and crucial for detecting (screening) cases of disease
  39. 39Single-Point CalibrationAbsorbance of the sample is compared to that of a standard solution with a known concentration of the analyte, assumes direct relationship
  40. 40SpecificityThe ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have a specific condition or disease; the proportion of true negative results and ensures that the test does not falsely diagnose
  41. 41Stokes ShiftThe difference between the excitation and emission wavelengths
  42. 42Time-Resolved FlourescenceTechniques that measure the fluorescence emitted by a sample at delayed intervals after excitation, improves sensitivity by reducing background interference; this can detect low levels of biomarkers in cardiac disorders, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases
  43. 43TransmittanceThe amount of light that passes through a sample and reach the detector, the inverse of absorbance; the more light passing through, the lower the concentration with values ranging from 0 to 1
  44. 44TurbidimetryMeasures the decrease in transmitted light caused by the scattering of light by particles; there is greater light scatter with greater particle concentration, often used to measure protein levels, lipids, and cell counts

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MLT Medicine FlashCards sobre Weeks 8-9: Light Measuring Systems, criado por Robert Borden em 23-04-2025.
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Robert Borden
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