Flashcards

Graphics HIGHER

Wawa Bawa Inglês 152 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (152)

1What are the 3 P's?- Preliminary
-Production
-Promotional
2What are Preliminary Graphics?- The initial stages of graphics design that can give a sense of scale and form and how the concept may look.
- They often take the form of "thumbnail sketches" which are small rough sketches.
3Advantages of Preliminary Graphics: (4)- Quick to produce.
- A good way of recording ideas or designs.
- A good way of developing design ideas.
- Can be quickly annotated to add information.
4Disadvantages of Preliminary Graphics: (4)- Not normally drawn to scale.
- Difficult to understand for non-experts.
- Do not always provide sufficient details.
- The final item might change significantly from the preliminary work.
5What are Production Drawings?- Usually produced on CAD as working drawings or 3D models.
- Tells us as much information about the product as possible such as dimensions, moving parts, cross sections etc.
6Advantages of Production Drawings: (4)-Accurately drawn to scale.
- Shows how components are to be assembled.
- Used to communicate construction materials through sectional elevations.
- Drawing standards are universal so they can be understood regardless of language.
7Disadvantages of Production Drawings: (3)- Time-consuming.
- Requires training and knowledge in order to be produced.
- Requires expensive equipment such as computers and appropriate software.
8What are Promotional Graphics?- Comes in the forms of posters, leaflets, flyers etc.
- Used by the sales and marketing departments to display the product design and advertise it.
9Advantages of Promotional Graphics: (3)- More easily understood than Production Drawings.
- Shows the customer what the final product or building will look like.
- Can be place in a virtual environment to enhance realism and show how it will look in real life.
10Disadvantages of Promotional Graphics: (3)- Require skill and knowledge to produce.
- Can give a false impression of the product
- A rendered model cannot be physically handled.
11Digital Copy Advantages for the Consumer: (4)- Can be shared across devices.
- Available in different languages.
- Digital copies cost less than hard copies.
- Easy to zoom in or increase size of font for clarity.
12Digital Copy Advantages for Companies: (3)- Changes can be made without the need for reprinting.
- Ability to gain more profit through increased sale or advertising.
- Availability in different languages means more people can access the information.
13Digital Copy Advantages for Advertisers: (3)- Advertising/promoting to a wider audience.
- Ability to stream live feeds.
- Availability in different languages provides better business opportunities in different countries.
14Digital Copy Disadvantages: (4)- Target market limited due to affordability of devices.
- Adaptability for different platforms.
- Internet access not always available.
- Some user may be put off by digital media and prefer the printed version.
15What does a Scanner do?- Electronically converts a paper based image into a computer file, drawings and photographs can be scanned in full colour.
16What are three types of Scanners?- The Flatbed Scanner
- The Hand Held Scanner
-Digital Stills Camera
17What does a Flatbed Scanner do?- Allows a range of paper sizes - up to A3 - to be captured at a very high quality.
- Large paper sizes would have to be scanned in sections then stitched together.
18What does a Hand Held Scanner do?- Allows smaller paper based images to be quickly converted to a digital file.
- It's portable and much cheaper than Flatbed Scanners but the quality of the scanned image is not as good.
19What does a Digital Stills Camera do?- Saves images in a digital form that can be downloaded to a computer for manipulation in an image-editing program.
- Digital Camera images can be instantly viewed then used in advertisement.
20What is the main advantage of hard copy to digital copy conversion devices? (4)- The conversion process is usually very quick.
- Files can be archived
- Files can be emailed
-Files can be opened by multiple people at once
21What is the main disadvantage of Hard Copy to Digital Copy Conversion Devices?- They all convert hard copies into a digital image file and once the original hard copy has been captured as an image, it is not possible to edit or alter the file.
-File sizes
22What is Digital Sketching?- Re-drawing the graphics items digitally on a graphics tablet using the appropriate software.
23What is the main advantage of digital sketching?- The new digital file can be edited or added to at any point.
24What is the main disadvantage of digital sketching?- It is more time-consuming to convert the hard copy.
- Mistakes could be made
25What are other advantages of Digital Sketching? (4)- Sketches could include realistic material representations.
- Able to show client changes instantly.
- Can be exported into other packages.
- Easy to share through email.
26What are four issues that can occur when working collaboratively on a digital file?- Incompatibility of File Types
- Inability to Work Simultaneously
- Potentially Different Drawing Standards
- Language Barriers
27What are the Advantages of a Paperless Office? (4)- Improves corporate image of company
- Easier to collaborate on projects.
- Reduced Costs from Storage.
- Reduced environmental impact from the use of ink or tone.
28Advantages of Cloud Computing: (4)- Can be accessed and shared with all employees in an organisation.
- Can be worked on by multiple people simultaneously.
- Information can be downloaded/uploaded at any time.
- Can be accessed on multiple devices.
29Disadvantages of Cloud Computing: (4)- Could be Hacked.
- Requires access to internet at all times.
- Virus infection of the system.
- Cloud servers may fail.
30What does CMYK stand for?- Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (Black)
31What is a Camera-Ready Copy?- A fully prepared, full sized page(s) of text and graphics ready to be photographed for reproduction by a conventional printing process.
32What are the four requirements for a document before it is sent to a printing company?- Some companies will accept a few different files but PDF and EPS files are recommended.
- Files are usually sent in CMYK colour format for the best possible match.
- Proper bleed positioning needs to be set up for graphics that go to the edge of the page.
- Image files are created in high-resolution.
33How can an image appear fuzzy or "out of register"?- When each colour in an image isn't printed separately and are not overlapping each other precisely.
34What are Register Marks used for?- To provide a guide for the printer so it can accurately align the plates to ensure each colour is sitting correctly on top of each other.
35What are Crop Marks used for?- To show the printer where to trim the paper and to create bleeds where an image needs to extend all the way to the edge of the paper.
36Why do we print on "RA" or "SRA" paper?- Printers generally can't print to the very edge of the paper so they print on a larger sheet of paper - RA or SRA - and trim it down to the correct size using crop marks.
37What is the Run Off and what does it do?- The printing that goes beyond the edge of the sheet which is eventually trimmed off.
- It gives the printer a small amount of space to account for movement of the paper and ensures there are no white edges in the final trimmed page.
38What is a Proof (pre-press)?- Before a print run is started, a sample of the print is made to accurately preview the output of a commercial print job.
- It also allows for the customer to approve of the colours .
39What are two ways Commercial Printing can benefit the environment?- Through the use of vegetable-based inks.
- Recycling paper.
40What is the scale of a Location Plan?- 1:1250
41What does a Location Plan show? (4)- Street names and house numbers
- Neighbouring buildings and boundaries
- Parks and Parking Area
- Roads, pavements and footpaths
42What is the scale of a site plan?- 1:200/1:500
43What does a Site Plan show? (4)- Site Dimensions
- Contour lines to indicate change in levels
- Drainage Information
- Any existing or proposed trees
44What is the scale of a Floor Plan?- 1:50/1:100
45What does a Floor Plan show? (4)- Positions and dimensions of windows
- Wall Thickness
- Light switches and electrical sockets
- Layout and dimensions of rooms
46What is the scale of an Elevation?- 1:100/1:50
47What is the scale of a Sectional View?- 1:20/1:50
48What does an Elevation show? (4)- Type of Roof
- Style of building
- External proportions of the building
- External finishes and features
49What does a Sectional View show?- Materials used
- Construction Details
- Designs of Foundations
- Floor and Ground Levels
50What are Rendered Illustrations?- 3D model usually produced by a computer software.
- Shows what the building will look like before it has been built and allows the client to visualise it without the need for technical knowledge.
51What is this symbol?Lamp
52What is this symbol?Switch
53What is this symbol?Socket
54What is this symbol?Radiator
55What is this symbol?Shower Tray
56What is this symbol?Bathtub
57What is this symbol?Wash Basin
58What is this symbol?Sink
59What is this symbol?WC
60What is this symbol?Sinktop
61What is this symbol?Heated Towel Rail
62What is this symbol?Concrete
63What is this symbol?Brick Work
64What is this symbol?Sawn Wood
65What is this symbol?Door
66What is this symbol?Insulated Board
67What is this symbol?Block Work
68What is this symbol?Fixed Window
69What is this symbol?Window - hinged at side
70What is this symbol?Window - hinged at top
71What is this symbol?Window - hinged at bottom
72What is this symbol?Pivot-centre Window
73What is this symbol?Window - sliding horizontally
74What is this symbol?Drainage
75What is this symbol?North Sign
76What is this symbol?Existing Tree
77What is this symbol?Existing Tree - to be removed
78What is this symbol?Proposed Tree
79What is this symbol?Contours
80What is this symbol?Switch
81What is this symbol?Loudspeaker
82What is this symbol?Electric Bell
83What is this symbol?In Line Valve
84What is this symbol?Crossovers
85What is this symbol?Battery
86What is this symbol?Microphone
87What are the Advantages of producing your own graphic? (2)- It's unique and cost free apart from the time taken to produce it.
- Able to produce the exact image required for the job
88What are the Disadvantages of producing your own graphic? (2)- Quality may not be as high as commercially produced graphic.
- Expensive equipment may be required such as digital camera or computer software
89What are the Advantages of hiring a professional photographer/graphic designer? (2)- Offers a high quality range of shots/designs to allow you to choose a suitable one
- The image/design will be unique and specific to the topic
90What are the Disadvantages of hiring a professional photographer/graphic designer? (2)- Can be expensive depending on the client requirements
- Time to organise a photoshoot and receive initial images
91What is a Stock Picture?- A graphical item produced by a third party, they normally have to be purchased
92What are the Advantages of using a Stock Graphic? (3)- A vast range of stock images are available
- Able to obtain these images almost immediately
- Individual graphic items can be relatively inexpensive compared to hiring a professional
93What are the Disadvantages of using a Stock Graphic? (3)- May not get the exact image you have in mind
- Time consuming to look on the internet for a suitable image
- Possible that the image has been purchased and used by another company
94How can a company copyright their image?Through a watermark - typically with the company's name - that is removed once the image is purchased.
95What is a Public Domain Image?- An image that someone has put on the internet which is free to be used by almost anyone
96What are the Advantages of using a public domain image? (2)- Free to Use
- A vast range of images are available
97What are the Disadvantages of using a public domain image? (3)- Varying quality of images
- May be hidden copyright implications if there are people in the image
- As it is free to use, it could have been used by someone else
98What are the Benefits of using PDF Files? (4)- Universally accepted and displayed around the world
- Can be used across any platform.
- Embeds the text and images which ensures the document is identical to the original.
- Smaller file size than the original.
99What are Vector Graphics?- Made up of individual scalable objects which are defined by mathematical equations.
-Instead of pixels, Vectors are made up of points, lines and curves.
100What is the main difference between Vector Images and Bitmap Files?- As Vectors are mathematical creations, they can be resized without losing quality.
- However, Bitmaps are resolution dependent which means that it can't be resized without losing some quality.
101What are Vector Files used for?- Logos
- Line art
- Page layouts
102Advantages of using Vector Files: (4)- Has no background.
- Has a small file size.
- Easy to convert to bitmap.
- Can be scaled, skewed or stretched without losing any quality.
103Disadvantages of using Vector Files: (1)- Cannot reproduce the "continuous tone" photo realistic images, vectors need to remain relatively simple so they are bad for photos and web based images.
104What are the two common vector file formats and where are they used?- .svg, .dxf
- Vector files are used in inventor.
105What are Bitmaps Files/Raster Images?- They are composed of pixels each of which contains specific colour information.
- They are Resolution Dependent.
106What does Resolution Dependent mean?- Resolution refers to the amount of pixels in an image, bitmap graphics contain the exact amount of pixels required to display it at any given size.
- This results in some pixels being sacrificed or improvised (interpolation).
107What are Bitmap Graphics used for?- Most images on internet websites.
- Icons on computer operating systems.
- Stores digital photo files.
108Advantages of using Bitmap Files: (2)- Capable of accommodating complex fills, gradients and shading aka producing "continuous tone" which is true to life photos/images.
- Easy to convert one particular type of bitmap file in one program to another bitmap files for another program.
109Disadvantages of using Bitmap Files: (4)- Large file size which creates storage problems.
- Restricted to rectangle shape images.
- Quality is reduced when resized.
- Difficult to convert a bitmap to a vector format.
110What are four common bitmap file formats and what are they used for?- .bmp, .jpeg, .tiff, .png
- Bitmaps are used for photoshop.
111A 2D shape being pulled into a 3D shape with a straight cross section:Extrude
112A profile that is rotated symmetrically around an axis:Revolve
113A 2D shape being pulled into a 3D shape with a non-straight cross section:Extrude along a path
114A shape that coils around the centre line:Helix
115A shape with a cross section that is irregular along it's length:Loft
116What are the four key ingredients in Extrude Along A Path?- Perpendicular work planes.
- The profile.
-The path.
- The Extrude Along A Path command.
117What are the three ingredients in Revolve?- The Profile
- The Axis
- The revolve command and the angle it revolves at (360 degrees etc.)
118What are the four ingredients of a Helix?- The Profile
- The Axis
- The Helix Command
- The Length from top to bottom and number of revolutions.
119What are the three ingredients of a Loft?- Offset Work planes
- Profiles
- Loft Command
120The 2D shape prior to being turned into a 3D shape:Profile
121Materials being removed from a 3D shape:Extrude Subtract
122The new solid that is retained from the overlapping shape of two objects, while the rest is discarded:Intersect
123The linear hierarchy of how a 3D CAD model is assembled:Modelling Tree
124A rounded edge being applied to a corner:Fillet
125A straight edge being applied to a corner:Chamfer
126Removing a face or material inside of a 3D model:Shell
127Copying a shape symmetrically through an axis or plane:Mirror
128A rounded edge where the radius will change:Irregular Fillet
129Removal of an edge where the distance will change:Irregular Chamfer
130To select an edge from a 3D model and generate as a new line in a sketch:Projected Edge
131An item repeating along an edge in a single direction, with regular spacing:Linear Array
132An item repeating in a square both vertically and horizontally, with regular spacing:Box Array
133An item repeated in a circle, with regular spacing:Radial Array
134The source of light to illuminate a 3D CAD model and scene:Light Source
135An environment that represents how the 3D CAD Model will look in a realistic environment:Sited Environment
136What is a Blind Hole?A hole that is drilled to a specific length without breaking through the other side of the material
137What does the M stand for in bolt dimensions?Metric
138Advantages of Layering in DTP: (3)- Allows graphics and texts to be edited separately.
- Can be brought forwards or backwards if necessary.
- Can be duplicated or linked to other layers
139What is Top Down Modelling?Creating new parts or editing existing parts in an assembly file
140What is Bottom Up Modelling?When parts are modelled individually before being inserted and constrained together in an assembly file
141Advantages of CAD: (4)- No physical space is required to store the computer drawings
- Errors can be fixed without restarting
- It is faster to produce a drawing on the computer than by hand
- Access to CAD library
142What are the two main purposes of sectional views?- Shows how multiple parts are assembled together
- Shows internal detail of an object more clearly
143What section cuts the shape fully in half?Full section
144What section shows both the internal and external view of symmetrical objects at the same time?Half Section
145What section has two parallel work planes?Stepped Section
146What section cuts a small part of the object to show important details?Local or part section
147What section is circularly cut?Revolved Section
148What do you call a Revolved Section that is placed away from the object due to lack of space?Removed Section
149What is the Pitch in a screw?The distance between each turn
150How to write the dimensions of a screw thread if the metric thread is 30 mm and the diameter is 50mm?M30 x 50
151Disadvantages of using CAD: (4)- Expensive to set up
- Staff need to be trained
- Drawing work can be lost if the computer crashes
- Paper based drawings need to be converted into digital files which is time consuming
152Advantages of Top Down Modelling: (3)- Sizes can be projected instead of re-measuring
- Shapes can be projected instead of re-drawing
- Components are already assembled instead of further constraining