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Flashcards

Personality Psychology Chapter 2

shattering.illus Inglês 51 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (51)

  1. 1self report Datarevealing of self - obtained through interviews, blogs, questionnaires: ADV-wealth of knowledge, personal experience DIS- lies, bias, accuracy
  2. 2L/L O/I S/S T/TLife history data
    Observer Report
    Self-Report
    Test Data
  3. 3structured unstructured-closed questions: true and false, trait descriptive (ACL),
    -open-ended questions: Likert rating scale (least-most likely), Twenty statement test (I am...), experience reports
  4. 4Observer-report data (O-data)use friends, families, teachers, casual acquaintances gathering info about a persons personality
    ADV- access new info, group relation info, Multiple observers
    DIS- bias, inaccurate info, no ideal purposes for info/assess.
  5. 5inter-rater reliabilitymultiple observers allows investigators to see if there is agreement/disagreement
  6. 6multiple social personalitiespersonalities manifest in varying social environments depending on the relationship with others
  7. 7naturalistic observationobservers witness and record events that occur in normal course of participants lives
  8. 8Test data (T-Data)participants are places in standardization testing, diff ppl react to same situation
  9. 9Edwin Megargee's study (1969)1. high domiant(h-d) woman w/ Low-d man 2. h-d man w/ L-d man 3. h-d woman w/ L-d woman 4. h-d man w/ L-d woman
    man are more likely to take leadership role, even if less dominant. woman would appoint the men
  10. 10T-data adv disADV: control the context of experiment, test hypothesis
    DIS: try to guess the trait being measured, or interrupt the experiment differently, researcher influencing test
  11. 11actometer mechanical recording devicemodified self-winding watch, which can be strapped to arms, legs of participants, registers activity- usually kids
  12. 12Physiological Data fMRI eyeblink startle reflexarousal, reactivity, speed at taking in information, blood pressure, SNS, muscle contraction, brain waves
  13. 13Christopher patrick psychopathyused eye blink startle test to see if psychopaths have a normal reaction to fear --- psychopaths exhibit less anxiety + guilt in test
  14. 14fMRI used in personality +psychopathologyfunction Magnetic resonance imaging- gauges the iron in oxygen used by brain & lights up the parts of brain using more
  15. 15Projective technique Hermann Rorschachperson is given a standard stimulus and asked what he/he sees. -Inkblot
  16. 16Life-outcome data (L-data)info from events, activities, outcomes in persons life available to public scrutiny - may use S/O data to predict L
  17. 17L-Dataseverity of trait, frequency it is displayed
  18. 18L-Dataseverity of trait, frequency it is displayed
  19. 193 standards of personality assessment1. reliability
    2. Validity
    3. Generalizability
  20. 20Reliabilitydegree to which an obtained measure represents true level of trait being measured
  21. 21repeated measurementrepeating measures several times over time getting similar results
  22. 22Response sets noncontent respondingtendency of some ppl to respond to questions on basis that is unrelated to question context
  23. 23acquiescencetendency to simply agree w/ questionnaire items regardless of contents
  24. 24Extreme Respondingtendency to give endpoint responses, such as strongly agree/disagree
  25. 25social desirabilitytendency to answer items in such a way as to come across as socially attractive/ likable
  26. 263 approaches to combatting social desirability1. Approval Motive
    2.less susceptible question
    3. forced-choice questionnaire
  27. 27forced-choice questionnairetest takers are confronted w/ pairs of statements & are asked to indicate w/h statement in each pair is more true
  28. 28Social desirability from Delroy Paulhus is seen as two things:1. Self-Deception Enhancement subscale
    2. Impression Management subscale
  29. 29Validityextent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
  30. 30face validityon surface appears to measure what it is supposed to measure
  31. 31predictive validity criterion validitytest predicts criteria external to the test
  32. 32convergent Validitytest correlates with the measures that it should correlate with, alternative measures correlate or converge with target measure
  33. 33discriminant validitywhat a measure should not correlate with
    -always done with convergent validity
  34. 34construct validitymeasures what it claims to measure, correlates w/ what it is supposed to correlate w/, doesn't correlate w/ what it isn't supposed to correlate w/
  35. 35theoretical constructsHypothetical internal entities useful in describing & explaining diff b/w ppl
  36. 36Generalizabilitydegree to which the measure retains its validity across various contexts
    ex. ethnic groups, culture
  37. 37experimental methodsto determine causality, whether one variable influences another variable
  38. 38experimental methods1. variable manipulation
    2. participants in each experimental experience same conditions
  39. 39random assignment of...all participants to experimental groups
  40. 40counterbalancingequivalence created by the order of events
  41. 415 significant differences1. sample size
    2. mean
    3. standard deviation
    4. t-test
    5. p-value
  42. 42p-valuesignificance of the differences among conditions
  43. 43statistically significant1/20, 0.05, likely to occur 5/100 times
  44. 44relationships among variableshow the variables relate to each other in the experiement
  45. 45correctional methodstatistical procedure used to determine whether there is a relationship b/w 2 variables
  46. 46Correlational coefficientstatistical procedure for gauging rela. b/w variables
  47. 47correlational research is interested in 2 variables1. direction
    2. magnitude
  48. 48directionality problemA & B are correlated but not the cause
  49. 49third variable problemtwo variables might be related to a third unknown variable
  50. 50case study methodexamining life of one person w/ an in-depth look -can use recording, interviewing etc.
  51. 51Gordon Allportbelieved that personality could be studied through in-depth case studies

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Macewan University Psychology 233 Personality Psychology : Domains of knowledge about human nature 5th edition R.J. Larsen, D.M Buss
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