Flashcards
The Chemistry of the Haloalkanes
Flashcards do conjunto (15)
- 1Explain why a carbon-halogen bond is polar.A Carbon-Halogen bond is polar because halogens are more electronegative than carbon. This means the pair of electrons move close to the halogen creating a slightly negative halogen atom, and a slightly positive carbon atom.
- 2Define 'Nucleophile'A nucleophile is an electron pair donor
- 3Give three examples of nucleophilesHydroxide = :OH-
Water = H2O:
Ammonia Molecules = :NH3 - 4When a haloalkane reacts with a nucleophile, the nucleophile replaces the hydrogen in what type of reaction? What is the name of the specific reaction for nucleophiles?Type of Reaction: Substitution Reaction
Name of Reaction: Nucleophilic Substitution - 5In the mechanism for nucleophillic substitution, does the nucleophile approach the carbon atom at the same side, or opposite side of the halogen atom? Explain whyIt approaches from the opposite side, this is because the Carbon-Halogen bond is polar so the halogen is slightly negative, and the nucleophile is also negative, so if they were on the same side the charges would repel
- 6After the nucleophile has approached the carbon, what happens next in the mechanism for Nucleophillic Substitution?The lone electron pair on the nucleophile is attracted to the slightly positive carbon atom and is donated to it, forming a carbon-nucleophile bond.
- 7Once the nucleophile has made a bond with the carbon, what happens next?The Carbon-Halogen bond is broken by heterolyctic fission (heterolyctic as BOTH of the electrons in the bond go to the SAME atom) and a new organic compound is formed
- 8Haloalkanes can be converted to alcohols using what aqueous solution?Sodium hydroxide
- 9The reaction to form an alcohol from a haloalkane is very slow at room temperature, so to make sure a good yield is obtained, what conditions is the reaction done under?It is heated under reflux
- 10What happens to the rate of hydrolysis as you go from C-F, to C-Cl, to C-Br, to C-I?The rate increases as less energy is needed to break the bonds because they get weaker as you go down the halide group
- 11To measure the Rate of Hydrolysis reactions during nucleophillic substitution, what aqueous mixture is used?Silver Nitrate
- 12What is formed when the halide ions produces react with the silver nitrate?A silver-halide precipitate
- 13A haloalkane of 1-chlorobutane would produce a ______ coloured precipitate at a ________ rateA haloalkane of 1-chlorobutane would produce a WHITE coloured precipitate at a SLOW rate
- 14A haloalkane of 1-bromobutane would produce a ______ coloured precipitate at a ______ rateA haloalkane of 1-Bromobutane would produce a CREAM coloured precipitate at a MEDIUM rate
- 15A haloalkane of 1-Iodobutane would produce a ______ coloured precipitate at a ______ rateA haloalkane of 1-Iodobutane would produce a YELLOW coloured precipitate at a RAPID rate
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- AS - Level Chemistry (15 - Haloalkanes) FlashCards sobre The Chemistry of the Haloalkanes, criado por Bee Brittain em 15-03-2016.
- Criado por
- Bee Brittain · mar 2016
- Atualizado
- 17 jan 2017
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