Flashcards
Case Study Flashcards- Geog
Flashcards do conjunto (40)
- 1Mississippi Flood MEDCwhen- April to June 1993
deaths- 28
Homeless- 36000
Causes- 1993 had one of the wettest summers on record, the ground was also saturated due to cool weather.
Thunderstorms and saturated ground- high surface run off.
River basin altered, wetlands built on- river burst banks and flooded housing for 144 days. - 2Mississippi flood effects and responseseffects- Flood above flood stage for 144 days
3bn cubic meters of water overflowed from the channel
17000 square miles covered in water
Homes lost
28 died
$10bn in damages
Response- built the levees 30cm higher than average flood
750000 sandbags
wing dykes built
1600km of levees
dams and reservoirs
sections of river saturated
evacuation - 3Bangladesh flood LEDCWhen - 08/1998
Deaths- 1000<
Homeless- 1,049,525
Causes- 5m of rain per year
70% of country is floodplain
snow melt in Himalayas
rivers, swamps, and lakes cover 10%
Deforestation in India, Bangladesh and Nepal
Dams in India
Urbanisation - 4Bangladesh flood effectsPrimary- over 1000 dead
26564 cattle dead
3/4 of country under water
15,927km road damaged
980571 flooded
Secondary- Bronchitis and diarrhea spread
shortage of drinking water
ruined crop
villages buried in silt
1,049,525 homeless - 5Bangladesh flood ResponsesShort- Money and 400 tonnes of rice
fresh water/water purification
boats
medicine
treatment centre
fodder for livestock
rehabilitation program
Long- 5000 flood shelters
improved flood forecasting
flood disaster management
built 7 new dams
water used for irrigation and electricity
embankments remade- 7m - 6Kashmir Earthquake LEDCWhen- 8/10/05 8.40am
Magnitude- 7.6
Duration- 60 seconds
Cause- Collision boundary
Kashmir on border of India and Pakistan
Indian plate squashing into Eurasian plate - 7Kashmir earthquake EffectsPrimary- Buildings and walls fell
87,350 died
138000 injured
3.5m homes destroyed
large cracks and landslides
Saturday is school day
Secondary- disease
pneumonia
dying of cold - 8Kashmir earthquake ResponsesShort- local people rescued trapped
Indian red cross- 21500 blankets, 300 kitchen sets and medical supplies
army dug people out
Helicopters used to take people and aid to flat ground
Pakistan airways flew aid from other countries for free
Rescue and medical teams arrived - 9San Fran Earthquake MEDCWhen- 17/10/1989
Magnitude- 6.9
Duration- 15 seconds
Cause- Triggered by a slip along san andreas fault line
Epicentre in santa cruz mountains
N.American and Pacific plates - 10San Fran earthquake EffectsPrimary- 67 died
1/8 of houses destroyed in Watsonville
Part of Oakland bridge collapsed
$5bn in damages
3000 injured
1.2miles of highway collapsed killing 42
gas mains and pipes burst
Marina district suffered- liquifaction
Secondary- $5bn in damages
fires
house without gas or electricity
2000 homeless - 11San Fran Earthquake ResponsesShort- materials and building supplies
companies donated money
power restored after 3 days
1 month to reopen oakland bay bridge
fires put out using water pumped from bay
Long-180 retrofits or replacements of public facilities
seismic retrofitting
10 years to rebuild Nimitz highway
$5bn - 12Haiti Earthquake LEDCWhen- 12/01/10
Magnitude- 7
Duration- 52 after shocks
Causes- caribbean plate and N.American plate
subduction of NA plate caused earthquake
- Fault locked for 250 years
slipped 1.8m at 5000mph
68km of the plate - 13Haiti Earthquake EffectsPrimary- 230,000 died
aid came in
100 UN officials died
epicentre 16km from port au prince
(many people moved to live in Port au Prince after 2008 hurricanes)
60% of Port au Prince collapsed
300,000 injured
Secondary- cholera
mass graves
1m homeless
no electric
no phone lines
52 after shocks
250,000 dwellings were destroyed
many children orphaned
fired unable to put out
landslides
3m homeless - 14Haiti Earthquake ResponsesRed cross/oxfam
water
shelter
medical care - 15Kobe Earthquake MEDCWhen- 17/01/95
Magnitude- 7.2
Causes- Phillipine plate beneath city
Pacific plate subducted
destructive plate margin
Kobe 20 miles NE of epicentre - 16Kobe Earthquake EffectsPrimary- Buildings destroyed
5000 died in first 20 seconds
roads, buildings, and infrastructure damaged
Hanshin expressway collapsed
collapse of steel and concrete offices
burst water pipes
liquifaction
Secondary- 3 days no cars or trains
300000 homeless
£100bn in damage
Ports damaged by liquifaction
electricity cut
fires
Overcrowded/unsanitary conditions
gas off for 3 months
96000 moved out of Kobe
only 5% of pop had insurance
emotional damage - 17Kobe earthquake ResponsesWater, electricity, and gas back working within 6 months
Railways back in service within 7 months
after 3 weeks most phone lines back
collapsed bridges repaired after 14 months
Housing units built - 18Holbeck Hall Landslide MEDCWhen-5/6/1993
Where- Scarborough
Causes- Frost heaving
Wetting and drying causing expansion and concentration of clay particles
Activity of animals
Snow - 19Holbeck Hall Landslide EffectsVictorian hotel destroyed
Emotional trauma - 20Vaiont Dam Landslide MEDCWhen- 9/10/1963
Where- Italian Alps
Volume- 260mm cubed
Deaths- 1900
Causes- Heaving rainfall causing saturation of clay
Caused saturated beds of rock, clay, mud, and vegetation to slide over solid bed - 21Vaiont Dam Landslide EffectsPrimary- Caused small displacement of water at dam
filled 2/3 of dam
water rushed down valley
Secondary- wtaer wiped out town of Longavore
killing 80% of pop (1900) - 22Vaiont Dam Landslide ResponsesClosed the dam down
10,000 Italian troops to help
Helicopters,bulldozers, hospitals and food donated by USA - 23Southern California Mudflow MEDCWhen- Jan to Feb 2010
Where- California
Causes- Massive wildfire (no trees)
Rain
Debris basins already filled by previous flows - 24Southern California Mudflow EffectsPrimary- Homes destroyed
12 homes uninhabitable
Responses- Evacuation of 64 homes - 25Uttar Pradesh Landslide LEDCWhen- 08/1998
Where- N.India
Deaths- 324
Causes- Severe rains through August (monsoon)
Summer snow melt
Ecotourism - 26Uttar Pradesh Landslide EffectsPrimary- 3 landslides
people died
hundreds of homes + infrastructure destroyed
entire village of Melpa swept away
Secondary- Flooding in low lying areas of India - 27Phillipines Mudslide LEDCWhen- 17/2/2006
Where- Guinsauga
Volume- 30km wide 3m thick
Deaths- 1000
Cause- Torrential rain and deforestation
200cm in 10 days
slopes steep and mudslides frequent
70 years deforestation - 28Phillipines Mudslide EffectsPrimary- 1000 dead 246 children
all 300 houses in Guinsauga destroyed
thousands of livestock and farmland destroyed
16000 people affected
Secondary- homeless
population decline
psychological distress - 29Phillipines mudslide ResponsesEvacuation centres set up across st Bernard
provided safe drinking water, sanitation, and health services
200 rescue workers
red cross+ red crescent- $1.6m
$1.5m government map to avoid hazards - 30Aberfan Landslide MEDCWhen- 21/10/1966
Where- Wales
Volume- 100000 cubic metres of waste
Deaths- 147
Cause- Coal mining
excess material placed on sludge heap
heap on steep hill
creeping caused slip - 31Aberfan Landslide EffectsPrimary- 147 died
116 of them children
school destroyed
Secondary- emotional trauma
Responses- Government plans for rebuilding
new laws on spoil heap - 32Hurricane Mitch LEDCWhen- November 1998
Where- Honduras and Nicaragua
Deaths- 19000
Causes- Hurricane Mitch had been tracked and predicted by meteorologists when it began around the Caribbean- Caused by warm sea temp of over 27degrees being evaporated by the sun which causes low pressure - 33Hurricane Mitch EffectsEconomic- Coffee and banana farms ruined-20% ruined leaving $200m defecit
Coffee and banana main staple of economy
Damaged infrastructure
Businesses destroyed
Social- Homes and whole villages destroyed
Thousands killed (19000)
800000 made homeless
Environmental- Crops destroyed
Deforestation causing landslides - 34Hurricane Mitch ResponsesShort- Shelters set up for the homeless
Food packages sent out
Aid from different countries
Long- Homes rebuilt in safer areas - 35Hurricane Ivan LEDCWhen- 7/9/2004
Where- Grenada( Caribbean)
Deaths- 122
Homeless- 50% of population
Causes-Started on the East Coast
Winds of 220 kmph
Relatively dry
Category 4 - 36Hurricane Ivan EffectsEconomic- Roadways blocked
Cash crops destroyed
$20bn in damage
60% unemployment
Social- 90% of homes destroyed or damaged
122 died
Environmental- Crops and plants destroyed - 37Hurricane Ivan ResponsesShort- $150bn sent in aid
66 health clinics set up
Long- 25 schools, 62 water and sanitation systems repaired
Restoration of 1,560 houses - 38Hurricane Katrina MEDCWhen- August 2005
Where- New Orleans
Deaths- 1500
Causes- Katrina developed as a tropical depression, approaching the southern tip of Florida from the south east with a sea temp of 28 degrees. - 39Hurricane Katrina EffectsEconomic- $108bn in damage
Houses and infrastructure destroyed
Many moving to different states
Social- 107,400 evacuees
1500 dead - 40Hurricane Katrina ResponsesShort-Sanctuary in the New Orleans superdrome
Sanctuary in Houston astrodome(25000)
Red cross set up 275 shelters in 9 states
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- FlashCards sobre Case Study Flashcards- Geog, criado por Emily Lord em 25-04-2016.
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