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Flashcards

The Hard Stuff

Kristine Joy Cor BCBA Exam Masters Inglês 5,0Avaliação média 5,0 de 5 (1 avaliação) 86 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (86)

  1. 1ResponseA single instance of behavior
  2. 2BehaviorLarger set/class of response that share physical dimensions
  3. 3Response ClassA group of behaviors that have the same function
  4. 4Repertoire*Behaviors that an individual can do
    *A collection of skills and knowledge that one has learned and relevant to a particular task
  5. 5StimulusEvents that affect the behavior of an individual
  6. 6Types of Stimulus ClassFormal
    Temporal
    Functional
  7. 7FormalPhysical features of stimuli (topography)
  8. 8Temporal*Related to Time
    * Stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest and stimulus changes that follow a behavior of interest
  9. 9Functional*Stimulus changes are understood best through a functional analysis of their effects on behavior
    *Effect of the stimulus on behavior
    * Multiple functions of a single stimulus
  10. 10ConsequencesAffect FUTURE of behavior
  11. 11Automatic ReinforcementReinforcement that occurs INDEPENDENT of the social mediation of others.
    *Behaviors sounds good, feels good, taste good, feels good to touch, etc.
  12. 12Automatic PunishmentPunishment that occurs INDEPENDENT of the social mediation of others.
  13. 13Reinforcement Can also strengthenRate
    Duration
    Magnitude
    Topography
    Latency
  14. 14Positive Reinforcement (Type 1 Reinforcement)When behavior is followed by immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that INCREASES the FUTURE occurrence of the behavior in similar conditions.
  15. 15Types of Positive ReinforcementEdibles
    Activity
    Tangibles
    Social
    Sensory
  16. 16Negative Reinforcement (Type 2 Reinforcement)*When behavior is followed by immediately bu REMOVAL of a stimulus that INCREASES the future occurrence of the behavior.
  17. 17EscapeA behavior that allows escape from an ongoing aversive stimulus.
  18. 18AvoidanceA response that PREVENTS the presentation of a stumulus
  19. 19Unconditioned ReinforcerA Stimulus change that increases the future frequency of a behavior w/o prior paring or any form of reinforcement
  20. 20Conditioned Reinforcer*When a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus paring with one or more unconditioned/ conditioned reinforcers.
  21. 21Generalized Conditioned ReinforcerA reinforcer that has been previously paired with many unconditioned/conditioned reinforcer
  22. 22PunishmentBehavior is followed immediately by a stimulus that DECREASES the FUTURE occurrence of behavior.
  23. 23Behavior ContrastA phenomenon in which change in one component of a multiple schedule increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component that is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.
  24. 24Positive Punishment Type 1 PunishementWhen the addition of a stimulus immediately following a behavior results in the DECREASE of the FUTURE occurrence of the behavior
  25. 25Types of Positive punishment inteventionsReprimands
    Overcorrection
    Shock
    Exercise
    Response Blocking
  26. 26ReprimandsProviding verbal statements such as "no", "stop" etc.
  27. 27OvercorrectionEngagement in effortful behavior that is directly related to the challenging behavior.
    2 TYPES
    1. Restitutional Overcorrection: Repair of environment to a better state than when behavior occurred.
    2. Positive Practice: Behavior is practiced repeatedly for a certain amount of time.
  28. 28ShockShock that is administered after the target behavior
  29. 29ExercisePerform a behavior that is not topographically related to the behavior.
    i.e. being late to class = 50 sit ups
  30. 30Response BlockingPhysically intervening as soon as behavior occurs to block the completion of the behavior.
  31. 31Negative Punishment (Type 2 Punishment)Process that occurs when a response if followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that DECREASES the FUTURE occurrence of the behavior.
  32. 32Negative Punishment ProceduresResponse Cost
    Timeout
  33. 33Bonus Response CostWhen you make additional non contingent reinforcers available to the individual and then take them away when target behavior is emitted
  34. 34Direct FinesDirect Loss of positive reinforcer
  35. 35Types of Time out1. Non-Exclusionary
    2. Exclusionary
  36. 36Types of Non time outIgnoring/ planned ignoring
    Withdrawal of specific positive reinforcer
    Observation/ contingent observation
    Ribbon/time-out ribbon
  37. 37Types of Exclusionary time out1. Room/ time out room
    2. Partition Time out
    3. Hallway time out
  38. 38Resistance to ExtinctionIntermittent schedule of reinforcement more resistant to extinction than continuous reinforcement
  39. 39OvershadowingThe presence of one stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus
  40. 40Stimulus EquivalenceA= B & B=C then A=C
  41. 41Parts of Stimulus EquivalenceReflexivity
    Symmetry
    Transitivity
  42. 42ReflexvityMatching to sample
    A=A
  43. 43SymmetryA= B then B=A
    ex: picture of baby = word "baby"
  44. 44TransitivityRequires demonstration of 3 untrained stimulus-stimulus sequences
    Ex: A = B, B= C, then C=A
  45. 45Equivalence ClassIf all stimuli in particular set are reflexive, symmetrical and transitive with each other
  46. 46Rule Governed BehaviorA verbal description of a behavioral contingency.
  47. 47Contingency BehaviorWhen a behavior is directly controlled by a contingency not rules.
  48. 48Motivating Operation1. Establishing Operation
    2. Abolishing Operation
  49. 49Establishing Operation*MO that INCREASES the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer
    *Makes something more desireable
  50. 50EO value altering effectIncrease in the current reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus.
    Ex: Hungry, Food is reinforcing
  51. 51EO Behavior altering effect Evocative effectAn increase in the current frequency of the behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same MO.
    Ex: When you are hungry and there is no food in the fridge, you go to get food.
  52. 52Abolishing OperationAn MO that DECREASES the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer
  53. 53AO Value altering effectA DECREASE in the current reinforcing value of a stimulus.
    Ex: you just ate, so food has no value.
  54. 54AO Behavior Altering Effect Abative EffectA DECREASE in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in the effectiveness by the same MO.
    Ex: You just ate so you do not go to the store to buy food.
  55. 55Types of MO's1. Surrogate MO
    2. Reflexive MO
    3. Transitive MO
  56. 56Surrogate MOA stimulus that has acquired its effectiveness by accompanying some other MO and have come to have the same value-altering effects as the MO that is has accompanied.
  57. 57Reflexive MOConditions or object that acquire their effectiveness as MO by PRECEDING a situation that either is worsening or is improving.
  58. 58Transitive MOAn environmental variable that establishes the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and thereby evokes the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.
  59. 59Strategies to promote generalizationCommon Stimuli
    Loosely Train
    Exemplars
    Mediation
    Indescrimniable Contingencies
    Negative Teaching Examples
    General Case Analysis
  60. 60Common StimuliLikelihood that correct response will be selected in the generalized setting.
  61. 61Loosely TrainTeaching in different settings, people, stimuli to increase etc.
  62. 62ExemplarsUse of multiple exemplars
    i.e. 3 different cars, tv's phones.
  63. 63MediationInstruction of others to help maintain the newly acquired behaviors
  64. 64Indescrimniable ContingenciesA contingency when an individual CAN NOT distinguish when responses will be reinforced.
  65. 65Negative Teaching ExamplesInstructing individuals when "not" to engage in target behaviors.
    I.e. Yelling in Library
  66. 66General Case AnalysisTeaching the different stimulus variations and response variations that the individual may encounter in the generalization setting.
    Ex: Saying "hi", "what's up?", "hello", "how't it going?" etc.
  67. 67Schedules of ReinforcementA rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement.
    1. Continuous
    2. Intermittent
    3. Extinction
  68. 68Continuous ReinforcementProvides reinforcement for every occurrence of the target behavior.
  69. 69Schedules of Intermittent Reinforcement1. Fixed Ratio
    2. Variable Ratio
    3. Fixed Interval
    4. Variable Interval
  70. 70Fixed RatioConstant set criteria (i.e every 4th Correct response)
    1. POST REINFORCEMENT PAUSE
    2. HIGH RATE OF RESPONDING
    3. CONTINGENCY IS MET AND REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED
  71. 71Variable Ratio*Strongest basic schedule of intermittent reinforcement.
    *Changing criterion of reinforcement (ex. average of 5 responses)
    1. Produces consistent steady rates of responding.
    2. High rate of responding.
    3. Contingency is met & reinforcement is provided.
  72. 72Fixed Interval*Constant set of interval before response produces reinforcement
    ex: FI 5- Sr delivered after 1st CR after 5 minutes.
    1. Has scalloped pattern
    2. Post reinforcement pause
    3. Increase in responding
    4. Contingency is met & Sr is provided.
  73. 73Variable Interval*Changing criteria based on mean average of responses.
    I.e. VI 12= Sr delivered after 1st CR after average of 12 minutes.
    1. Constant stable responding
    2. Contingency is met & reinforcement is provided
  74. 74Ratio StrainAbrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser reinforcement schedule to thinner reinforcement.
  75. 75Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of responding (DRH)A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for emitting behaviors that are at or above pre-established rates.
    *Increases behaviors that does not occur frequency. (i.e. hand raising)
  76. 76Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing rates of responding (DRD)A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement when the number of responses in a specified time period is less or equal to a prescribed limit.
    *Helps decrease behavior that occurs too frequently but not eliminate entirely. (i.e. talking in class)
  77. 77Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)Schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement only if the behavior occurs following a specific period of time during which it did not occur.
    *Helps DECREASE behavior, that occurs too frequently but not to eliminate it.
  78. 78Compound Schedules of Reinforcement1. Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
    2. Multiple schedules of reinforcement
    3. Chained schedules of reinforcement
    4. Mixed schedules of reinforcement
    5. Tandem scheudles of reinforcement
    6. Alternative schedules of reinforcement
    7. Conjunctive Schedules of reinforcement
  79. 79Concurrent Schedules of ReinforcementOccurs when 2 or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently & simultaneously for 2 or more behaviors.
    i.e Play video games for 3 hours for completing chores or not do chores and play for 10 minutes.
  80. 80Matching LawA description of a phenomenon according to which organisms MATCH their responses according to the proportion of payoff during CHOICE situations.
    *Given two concurrently available behaviors, one will choose to engage in the HIGHEST rate of SR.
  81. 81Multiple schedules of reinforcementPresents 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an alternating, usually random, sequence for only 1 or more behaviors.
  82. 82Chained schedules of reinforcement*Two or more basic schedule requirements that occur successively and has an SD correlated with each independent schedule with 1 or more behaviors.
    1. occurs in a specific order
    2. Behavior must be the same for all elements of the chain, or different elements in the chain.
    3. Conditioned reinforcement for 1st behavior in the chain is the presentation of the 2nd element & so on.
  83. 83Mixed schedules of reinforcementIdentical to multiple schedule except that the mixed schedule has NO Sd correlated with the independent schedule.
    * Reinforcement sometimes occurs after the completion of 10 responses and sometimes after 1 minute from the preceding reinforcement.
  84. 845. Tandem schedules of reinforcementSimilar to Tandem except the tandem schedule does not use an Sd.
  85. 85Alternative schedules of reinforcementProvides reinforcement when the requirements of EITHER a ratio OR interval schedule is met, regardless of which of the component schedule requirement is met 1st.
    I.e. 10 responses or 2 minutes
  86. 86Conjunctive Schedules of reinforcementProvides reinforcement when the completion of the responses requirements for BOTH a ratio & interval schedule have been met.

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Masters BCBA Exam FlashCards sobre The Hard Stuff, criado por Kristine Joy Cor em 29-05-2016.
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