Flashcards
General LSAT Strategy
Flashcards do conjunto (34)
- 1Kaplan's Core 4 (skills)1. Reading strategically
2. Analyzing Arguments
3. Understanding Formal Logic
4. Making Deductions - 2What is Reading Strategically?1. Reading for purpose.
2. Reading for structure, NOT details.
3. Understanding the logic in the sequence of ideas. - 3What are the (4) components to identify while Reading Strategically?1. Topic
2. Scope- what about the topic is the author interested in?
3. Purpose- Why the author wrote what they did- argue, explain etc.
4. Main Idea- Summary of the authors opinions. State the whole passage in one sentence. - 4Detail road map symbolism for "Reading Strategically"1. Circle- structural words, words leading into a conclusion etc.
2. Au. Neg(-)- Author opposes view
3. Au. Pos(+)- Authors supports idea
4. Bracket- conclusion
5. Bracket and mark "Ev"- Evidence supporting conclusion.
6. Ex- examples enclosed in evidence. Don't confuse with Ev. - 5Elaborate on how Kaplan uses the word "Assumption"1. Closes the gap between evidence and conclusion.
2. What must be true in order for the conclusion to be correct.
3. Information taken for granted- the missing link to the argument.
4. The evidence and conclusion will contain similar content- the gap, or outlying factor, will be the assumption.
5. The information mentioned out of the blue or the idea/statement that does not match up. - 6Kaplan's (4) steps to "Logical Reasoning"1. Identify the question type
2. Break down the stimulus
3. Make the prediction
4. Evaluate the answer choices - 7Elaborate "breaking down the stimulus" utilized in "Logical Reasoning"1. Find the conclusion
2. Identify the evidence
3. Specify the authors assumption - 8List the notation used for identifying wrong answers180- The opposite of the authors assumption
Extreme- Provides more detail than required to draw a conclusion
Out of Scope (OOS)- Answer is not relevent to topic/question - 9Detail the alternative way to structure stimulus components to better understand the content in "Logical Reasoning"After identifying the components:
"Conclusion, because (evidence)"
- Easier to establish which part of the evidence is missing (Assumption) - 10What is Kaplan's Core Skill #3Understanding Formal Logic
- 11Another name for "If then" statementsConditional statements
- 12Components of conditional statements1. Sufficient condition (Trigger)
2. Necessary Result (Result)
* Contrapositive - 13Explain ContrapositiveThe logical equivalent of conditional statements:
1. Reverse the terms
2. Negate the terms
3. Know negation for "and", "or", "all", "Until", "Only if", "Unless" etc. - 14What is "Formal Logic Translation"?Putting statements into conditional statements to be utilized in formal logic (if then)
- 15Contra-positive and "Logical Reasoning" notation~= Negative
-->= Then - 16What always comes after "Only" or "Only if"Result.
Trigger- "Only"- Result - 17How to logically transition "Unless""Unless" is used the same as "If Not"
* Be wise with this verbiage, sentences may start with the second part in order to make sense. - 185 steps to logic games1. Overview (SEAL)
2. Sketch
3. Rules- write out. Notation.
4. Deductions- combine rules with common elements.
5. Questions- tackle easy to difficult - 19SEAL Logic GamesSituation
Entities
Action
Limitations - 202 forms of sequencing questions1. Strict- Definitive- laid out easily
2. Loose- Relative- contains more variables - 21Acronym used for making deductions- Logic GamesBLEND
B- blocks of entities.
L- limited options.
E- established entities placed definitely
N- numbers. Arithmic restraints
D- duplications. Entities that appear in more than one rule. - 22Main objectives in logical reasoning1. Spot argument structure
2. Spot argument flaws and assumptions
3. How to strengthen and weaken arguments
4. Find inferences - 23What are the first (2) steps in analyzing arguments?1. Bracket the conclusion
2. Establish the evidence - 24Describe the conclusion of an argument"WHAT" the author believes in. Consider the conclusion "opinionated claims".
- 25Describe what the evidence is in an argument."WHY" the author believes what they claim.
- 26Conclusion keywordsSo
As result
Hence
Clearly
Obviously
Therefore
Conclusively
Subsequently
Thus - 27Evidence keywordsBecause
Due to
After all
Since
For the reason
Provided that
Given that
For this reason - 28Contrast keywords (subsidiary conclusions)Instead
Despite
But
Yet
However - 29What is the one-sentence test?If a conclusion cannot be determined immediately, sum the paragraph up in one sentence- this should mark the authors point. Use context clues provided in the text.
- 30Opinion wordsShould/Should not
Must/must not
Primarily
Seems/appears
Probable - 31Strategy for comparing multiple arguments1. Understand each argument separately
2. Bracket conclusions and underline evidence accordingly
3. Establish what they agree about, and what they disagree about. - 32Kaplan (4) step method for Logical Reasoning1. Identify the question type. Understand the task before analyzing.
2. Analyze the argument. Identify what is relevant to the task.
3. Make a prediction. Consider the possible answer before looking at the choices.
4. Evaluate the answer choices. Eliminate choices that do not match your prediction first. - 33List conclusion types found in the stimulus1. Assertion of Fact
2. Recommendation
3. Prediction
4. Value Judgement
5. Comparison
6. If/then conditionals - 34List the common patterns associated with the stimulus1. Use of analogy
2. Appeal to authority
3. General to specific
4. Use of example/counter example
5. Support based on survey/study
6. Support based on past pattern
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