Flashcards
biol topic 1
Flashcards do conjunto (52)
- 1Explain what is enviromental variationCharacteristics of animal and plant species can be affected by factors such as climate, diet, accidents, culture and lifestyle.
- 2Explain how DNA reasearch support darwins theoryEvolution is cause by gradual changes in dna. So organisms that have diverged more recetly have similar dna, e.g us and chimps.
- 3Explain how the emerge of resistance organisms support darwins theorywarfin was used to kill rats, but a certain gene gives rats resistance to warfin. these are more likely to survive and breed, now having rat populations that are resistant to warfarin.
- 4Explain the role of the scientific comunity in the use of scientific journalsscientists publish their work, scientists can then repeat the experiment and get the same results, the scientific communtiy can be pretty confiident and reliable
- 5Explain the role of the scientific community in the use of the peer review processbefore scientists can publish there work it must undergo peer review, where scientists read and review the work to check its valid + to the highest possible standard
- 6What is ClassificationThe process of sorting organisms into groups based on their characteristics
- 7Explain the role of the scientific community in the use of the scientific conferencesscientists conferences are meeting that scientists attend to present and discuss their work
- 8What is an alleleDifferent forms of the same gene
- 9Name the 5 kingdoms of organsmsAnimalia (all multicelluar animals)
Plantae (all gree plants)
Fungi (moulds, mushrooms, yeast)
Protoctista ( blue-green algae)
Prokaryotae (bacteria) - 10what is a dominant alleleVersion of a gene that will always have an effect
- 11Name the 6 kingdoms that are subdivided into smaller groups of organisms that have common featuresKingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - 12what is a recessive alleleVersion of a gene that will only have and effect if the other allele is also recessive
- 13Characteristics of AnimaliaMulticellar, heterotrophic feeders so no chlorophyll + no cell walls
- 14Characteristics of PlantaeMulticelluar, autotrophic feeders using chlorophyll + have cell walls
- 15Characteristics of FungiMulticelluar, cell walls, saprophytic feeders + no chlorophyll
- 16Characteristics of Protoctistaunicellular, no nucleus
- 17Characteristics of Prokaryotaunicellular, no nucleus
- 18Explain why scientists do not classify viruses in any 5 kingdoms and regard them as nonvlivingAs a virus particle enters a living cell, it changes the way it works and makes copies of the virus, however it does not show any other life processes, such as growth and feeding like other organisms.
- 19describe the structure of a nucleusThe cell's nucleus contains chromosomes made from long DNA molecules
- 20what is a geneA gene is a short section of DNA.
- 21how many chromosones are found in a average human cell?23
- 22Explain saprophytic feedingGetting food by digesting the tissues of other organisms outside the body and absorbing the digested food
- 23what is homozygousOffspring with two alleles the same are homozygous
- 24Explain Autotrophic feedingMakes food from small molecules using an energy source, such as photosynthesis
- 25Explain Heterotrohpic feedingGetting food by eating and digesting other organisms tissues
- 26what is heterozygousIf the alleles are different then it is heterozygous
- 27Describe the main characteristics of the phylum chordataAnimals with a supporting rod running the lenght of a body e.g backbone in vertebrates
- 28what is heterozygousIf the alleles are different then it is heterozygous
- 29Oxygen absorption methods to classify vertebrateshow the animal takes in oxygen - lungs, gills or through the skin
- 30Thermoregulation to classify vertebratesthermoregulation - maintains own temperature (homeotherms) or temperature varies with surroundings (poikilotherms)
- 31Reproduction to classify vertebratesreproduction - internal or external fertilisation, lay eggs (oviparous) or give birth to live young (viviparous).
- 32phenotypeWhat the organism looks like, eg red flower is the phenotype.
- 33Why are vertebrates difficult to classifyAssigning vertebrates to different groups can be difficult as some fall into many categories: for example, sharks are fish but give birth to live young and use internal fertilisation.
- 34why would species of an organisms reproductive fertile offspring may have limtatinssome organisms do not always reproduce asexually and some hybrids are fertile
- 35genotypeThe alleles in the organism
- 36describe the symptoms of sickle cell diseasethe red blood cells of suffers can stick together which can block blood vessels. suffers can become very tired and quickly out of breath.
- 37describe the symptons of cystic fibrosisabnormally thick mucus + sticky mucus in there lungs, airways, gut+ pancreas. symptoms include breathing difficulties, malutritioin and fertility problems.
- 38Explain adaptationOver many generations, these adaptations have come about through variation. Variation involves small changes between organisms which may allow that organism to compete better for survival.
- 39How can classification be complicatedvariation within a species e.g there are a wide rang of dogs that look different but are still the same speices
- 40Explain adaptationOver many generations, these adaptations have come about through variation. Variation involves small changes between organisms which may allow that organism to compete better for survival.
- 41Two causes of variationVariation can have environmental or genetic causes.
- 42Explain darwins theoryDarwin's theory of evolution explains how species of living things have changed over geological time. The theory is supported by evidence from fossils and by the rapid changes that can be seen to occur in organisms.
- 43Four adaptations of a polar beara white appearance, as camouflage from prey on the snow and ice
thick layers of fat and fur, for insulation against the cold
a small surface area to volume ratio, to minimise heat loss
a greasy coat, which sheds water after swimming. - 44Adaptations of living in deep sea hydrothermal ventsa pompeii using a thick layer of bacteria to protect it from heat
hiding inside a papery tube to protect it from predators. - 45Explain variationDifferences within in species
- 46Explain darwins theory of evolution mentioning variation, over production, struggle for existence, advantages of the inherited characteristics + gradual changeIndividuals are not always the same due to their genes. So variation within populations of organisms. Most organisms give birth to live young that cant survive to adulthood. Characteristics that make them better adapted to the enviroment have a better chance of survival +are most likely to breed sucesfully. So the genes that are useful for the characteristics will be more likely to be passed on. Over time there will be a higher proportionn with beneficial characteristics.
- 47Explain continuous variationis when the individuals in a population vary within in a range, no distinct catogories. e,g humans can be any height within a range, not just tall or short.
- 48Example of continuos variation in a Animal, mmcroorganisms and plantsanimals- e.g humans can be any mass within a range.
microorganisms- e.g lenght of e-coli within a range
plants- a tree can have any number of leaves with in a range - 49Explain discontinuos variationis when there are two or more distinc catogories. each idividual falls into only one of these catogories, no intermediates.
- 50Example of discontinuos variation in a animal, microorganisms and plantsis when there are two or more distinc catogories. each idividual falls into only one of these catogories, no intermediates.
- 51Explain how genes cause genetic variationorganisms genes inherited from their parents genes.The combining of genes from two parents cause genetic variation, no two species are genetically identical(execpt identical twins) some characteristics are only determind by genes(e.g violet colour flower/eye colour/inherited disorders)
- 523 exapmles of enviromental variationdiet, exercise, religion + laungage
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- FlashCards sobre biol topic 1, criado por Alesha Oconnor em 01-05-2013.
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- Alesha Oconnor
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