Flashcards
Canine Hindlimb Stations (Practical)
Flashcards do conjunto (70)
- 1Is the pelvis part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?Part of the hindlimb appendicular skeleton
- 2What type of joint is found between the pelvis and sacrum?Fibrocartilaginous
- 3What is the iliopubic eminence?Small projections located between the ileum and pubis
- 4What is the intertrochanteric notch?Located between the greater and lesser trochanter
- 5What is the femoral trochlea?Where patela sits
- 6What is the intercondylar notch?Located between medial and lateral condyles of the femur
- 7What are the tibial eminences?Small projections located on the tibial plateau
- 8What is the function of the tibial eminences?Insertion of cranial and caudal cruciate ligament
- 9What is the location of tibial tuberosity?Cranial part of proximal tibia
- 10What is the location of the medial and lateral malleoli?Projections at the cranial distal part of the tibia
- 11What is the function of the greater trochanter?Insertion of gluteal muscles (superficial, middle and deep)
The primary function of these muscles is hip extension - 12What is the articular surface of the acetabulum only smooth in a horseshoe shape on the dorsal, cranial and caudal surfaces?Smooth articular surface at the area where weight bearing is transferred through the hip
Central depression is where ligament of the head of the femur is attached - 13Why can the hip joint be difficult to image?Superimposition of hip joints in lateral views
- 14What is the leading cause of degenerative changes in the hip joint?Hip laxity
- 15What is one of the main indicators of hip laxity in a standard ventrodorsal, hip extended radiograph?Femoral head not engaged sufficiently in acetabulum
Ideally more than 50% of the femoral head should be within the acetabulum - 16What movement of the hip joint can be used to test the integrity of the ligament of the head of the femur?Displace laterally with medial pressure
Alternatively, dorsally directed pressure will cause a lax hip to subluxate dorsally
Palpate greater trochanter for movement during these manipulations - 17What structures are associated with the ischiatic tuberosity and so what functions may be affected by a fracture here?Hamstring muscles originate at ischiatic tuberosity/caudal ischium
The caudal fragment will be displaced distally due to pull of muscles, affecting hip extension
Caudal fractures of pelvis do not affect weight bearing axis - 18Why is an acetabular fracture more serious that an fracture of the ileum just cranial to the joint?Affects articulation of femur and pelvis at coxofemoral joint
However, both types of fracture will interfere with the weight bearing axis - 19What are the 4 main bones that make up the stifle joint?Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella - 20What are the additional bones of the stifle joint?Fabellae (medial and lateral)
Sesamoid bones of the distal femur
Popliteal muscle sesamoid - 21Give 2 ways in which the tarsal joint can be injured by trauma e.g. in an RTARupture of supporting structures in joint causing subsequent joint laxity
Lateral or medial surfaces of the hock joint can be abraded (worn away) - 22What abnormal movement is most likely to be possible following avulsion fracture of the distal fibula?Distal fibula lateral and makes up lateral malleolus
Results in disruption of lateral collateral ligament
Causes varus deformity and displacement - 23How would loss of collateral support be identified using a radiograph?Apply stress to medial aspect of joint
Radiograph for:
Displacement of distal fibula
Widening of lateral aspect of tarsal joint
Medial deviation of distal limb (varus) - 24What type of joint is the hip joint?Spheroidal
- 25What is the range of motion of the hip joint?Biplanar - much greater range of abduction and adduction than in the shoulder
- 26Give 4 muscles that can perform internal or external rotation of the hip jointDeep gluteal = internal rotation
External obturator = external rotation
Internal obtuator = external rotation
Gemelli = external rotation - 27Give 5 support structures of the hip jointLigament of the head of the femur
Transverse acetabular ligament
Dorsal acetabular rim of cartilage
Joint capsule
Surrounding musculature - 28When approaching the hip joint cranially, which muscles must be dissected through to reach the joint capsule?Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal
Deep gluteal - 29Which nerve runs on the dorsal then caudal aspect of the hip joint?Sciatic
- 30Which 2 changes that occur in an osteoarthritic hip joint increase the likelihood of hip luxation?Shallow acetabulum
Flattened 'mushroom shaped' femoral head
Causes a reduction in inherent joint stability and congruity - 31Which joint is the most common source of orthopaedic problems in dogs?Stifle
- 32What is the most common cause of stifle lameness in dogs?Cranial cruciate ligament
- 33What is the origin and insertion of the cranial cruciate ligament?Origin = caudal femoral epiphysis
Insertion = cranial tibial articular surface - 34What is the origin and insertion of the caudal cruciate ligament?Origin = cranial femoral epiphysis
Insertion = caudal tibial articular surface - 35Which structure prevents opening of the joint space between the tibia and femur laterally?Lateral collateral ligament
- 36What is the lateral collateral ligament attached to distally?Head of fibula
- 37Which nerve runs cranial to the stifle joint?Saphenous nerve
- 38Which 2 nerves run caudolateral to the stifle joint?Tibial nerve
Peroneal (fibular) nerve - 39Which major blood vessels runs caudal to the stifle joint?Popliteal
Larger saphenous veins more superficially - 40Why is there poor inherent stability in the stifle joint?Both articulating surfaces of major bones are convex, meaning there is a limited contact area
- 41Why is the medial meniscus of the stifle more susceptible to tearing than the lateral meniscus?In rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament, cranial translation of the tibia occurs
Medial meniscus has meniscotibial attachment so cannot move with the femur
Hence it is more likely to be damaged when the femur moves relative to the tibia - 42What movement does the cranial cruciate ligament resist?Cranial translation of the tibia
- 43What movement does the caudal cruciate ligament resist?Caudal translation of the tibia
- 44Why is the cranial cruciate ligament more likely to rupture than the caudal cruciate ligament?Angle of tibial plateau means there is a cranial translation force exerted on the tibia when weight bearing
Causes greater tension in the cranial cruciate ligament than the caudal cruciate ligament - 45What structure permits radiographic delineation of the patellar tendon from the other surrounding soft tissues?Infrapatellar fat pad
- 46What movement can be performed to test the integrity of the cranial cruciate ligament?Cranial translation of tibia relative to femur (cranial drawer test)
Allows assessment of stifle stability and hence integrity of cranial cruciate ligament - 47Which 2 structures may be important to consider when inserting a needle into the dorsal aspect of the stifle joint?Patellar tendon
Menisci - 48Which 5 muscles contribute to the common calcaneal tendon?Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Gastrocnemicus
Superficial digital flexor - 49On the plantar aspect of the tarsus, what side of the calcaneus does the deep digital flexor tendon run?Medial
- 50What is the name of the bony prominence forming part of a groove for the deep digital flexor tendon to run in?Susentaculum tali
- 51How many parts are there to the collateral ligaments of the tarsus and why is this so?Each collateral ligament has a long and short portion to be taught at different points of joint flexion/extension
Short = tight in extension
Long = tight in flexion - 52At which level of articulation is most of the range of motion of the tarsal joint?Tarsocrural
- 53List the bones above the proximal intertarsal jointTalus
Calcaneus - 54List the bones below the proximal intertarsal jointCentral
2nd, 3rd and 4th tarsal bones - 55Which aspect of the distal tarsal joints have the thickest joint capsule support?Plantar aspect - plantar tarsal fibrocartilage
Resists hyperextension - 56Do all levels of the tarsal synovial structures communicate?Tarsocrural and proximal intertarsal communicate
Distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal communicate
2 proximal and 2 distal joint compartments are separate - 57Why are plantar ligaments of the tarsus so important?Prevent hyper-extension of the tarsus, for example in locomotion or weight bearing
Hyper-extension is the greatest force experienced distal to the tarsocrural joint - 58Describe the course of the sciatic nervePasses over caudal aspect of ileum onto lateral side where it passes below the dorsal aspect of biceps femoris
Branches at the level of biceps femoris - 59What are the 2 branches of the sciatic nerve?Cranial branch = peroneal nerve (innervates cranial muscles of distal limb)
Caudal branch = tibial nerve (innervates caudal muscles of distal limb - 60Which 2 arteries are commonly used for palpation of a pulse?Femoral artery
Dorsal pedal artery - dorsomedial aspect of metatarsals - 61What are the branches of the saphenous vein?Lateral saphenous vein - cranial and caudal branches
Medial saphenous vein - cranial and caudal branches - 62Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the caudal aspect of the limb proximal to the tarsus?Sciatic
- 63Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the craniolateral aspect of the limb?Peroneal
- 64Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the plantar aspect of the limb distal to the tarsus?Tibial
- 65Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the limb?Saphenous
- 66Describe the path of the sciatic nerveRuns over dorsal rim of ileum and ischium then deep to the biceps femoris
- 67What is the location of the lateral DDFT at the level of the stifle joint?Runs in groove formed by sustentaculum tali
- 68What is the location of the medial DDFT at the level of the stifle joint?Runs caudal to medial malleolus
- 69Why is the communication of the tarsal joint synovial structures of minimal clinical significance?Tarsocrural joint usually affected by trauma/infection
Arthrocentesis of more distal joints rarely performed - 70What would be the consequence of sciatic nerve damage?Inability to flex stifle or extend hip
Sensory deficits in caudal hindlimb
Informações
- Descrição
- BVSc Animal Health Science 2 (Canine Hindlimb) FlashCards sobre Canine Hindlimb Stations (Practical), criado por Florence Edwards em 22-10-2016.
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- Florence Edwards
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