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Flashcards

Alimentary Flashcards

sophiakostich Inglês 30 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (30)

  1. 1What are the four main basic processes of the GI tract?1. Digestion - breaking down the food
    2. Motility - moving the food
    3. secretion - enzymes and solutes that are secreted to help digestion
    4. Absorption - across into blood stream
  2. 2What is the function of the regulatory peptides produced by the GI tract?Stimulate digestive juices and cause organ movement.
  3. 3What is the purpose of digestion?Breaking down of macromolecules into smaller molecules that can be dissolved in the plasma to reach every cell.
  4. 4How long is the GI tract? What is the advantage of this length?20 feet long. It maximises absorption back into blood stream of useful molecules.
  5. 5What secretions in the: mouth, stomach and small intestine assist digestion?Mouth - saliva
    Stomach - gastic secretions
    Small intestine - pancreatic secretions, bile
  6. 6In which part of the GI tract does absorption normally begin: a) oesophagus b) stomach c) small intestine d) colonc - small intestine. In the stomach mainly secretion occurs.
  7. 7What secretions are produced in the mouth and what are their functions?Salt and water - chewing
    Mucous - swallowing
    Amylase - enzyme to digest polysaccharidse
  8. 8What secretions are produced in the stomach and what are their functions? What is the normal pH of the stomach?HCl - kills microbes
    Pepsin - digests proteins
    pH 1-2
  9. 9What are the secretions in the liver and what are their functions?Bile salts - solubilize water-insoluble fats
    Bicarbonate - neutralise HCl
  10. 10Why is it that bicarbonate is able to neutralise HCl?A neutralisation reaction occurs as it is between a strong acid and a strong base. Therefore this produces carbon dioxide and water.
  11. 11How much water is absorbed in: a) the small intestine per day b) the colon per daya) small intestine - 8.5 litres
    b) colon - 0.4-10 litres
  12. 12How much secretion is there from each of the following per day and what is the pH? a) gastric, b) pancreatic, c) bile, d) intestinea) 2 litres per day, pH 1.5-3.0
    b) 1.5 litres per day, pH 8.0-8.4
    c) 0.5 litres per day, pH 7.8-8.0
    d) 1.5 litres per day, pH 7.8-8.0
  13. 13How is water absorbed?Passive osmotic forces
  14. 14What kind of junctions separates cells? What is the function of these junctions?Tight junctions. They block intercellular channels.
  15. 15What changes occur to tight junctions during active absorption?The tight junctions are permeable to H2O and small dissolved molecules. The absorbed solutes increase osmotic pressure and intracellular hydrostatic pressure which creates a driving force for movement of H2O.
  16. 16What are the two main routes of absorption in the GI tract?Transcellular and paracellular
  17. 17True or false? Transcellular movement is passive and occurs via diffusion and convection?FALSE. Transcellular is active, carrier-mediated, energy-dependent movement. Paracellular is passive.
  18. 18What does diffusion across membranes depend on?lipid nature of cell membrane.
  19. 19What process influences convection?Solvent drag.
  20. 20How do tight junctions alter permeability in the GI tract?They cause permeability to decrease from the proximal to the distal part of the tract.
  21. 21True or false? Leakiness, permeability and electrical resistance decrease along the tract?Trick question. Leakiness and permeability do decrease along the tract. Electrical resistance increases therefore less anions can be absorbed.
  22. 22What are the four things that reflexes in the nervous system respond to?1. Volume - distension of the wall
    2. Osmolarity - gastric chyme
    3. Acidity - duodenal chyme
    4. Chyme products - concentration of digestion products.
  23. 23Where does extrinsic nervous supply to the GI tract come from?ANS
  24. 24Where does intrinsic nervous supply come from and where it is found in the GI tract?Enteric nervous system. It is embedded in the walls of the GI tract.
  25. 25True or false: the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system is responsible for sensory function.FALSE. The myenteric is mainly motor. The submucosal is mainly sensory.
  26. 26Where do short reflexes occur: in the enteric nervous system or the ANS?Enteric nervous system. They are independent of the CNS.
  27. 27What is the function of long reflexes?They allow the CNS to influence motility and secretory activity in the GI tract by using the ANS to influence the ENS.
  28. 28What are the 3 phases of GI control?1. Cephalic - before food has entered the GI tract
    2. Gastric - when food is in the stomach
    3. intestinal - where food enters the intestines
  29. 29Name 3 of the endocrine hormones released by the GI tract.Any from gastrin, secretin, cholecytokinin, pancreatic polypeptides, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, glucagon like peptides and neurotensin.
  30. 30What are the two local hormones (paracrine) that are secreted by the GI tract? Where are they released to?Histamine and somatostatin. Released to the interstitial fluid as they act on cells nearby so don't have far to travel (therefore don't need to travel in blood).

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Descrição
(Alimentary) FlashCards sobre Alimentary Flashcards, criado por sophiakostich em 03-05-2013.
Criado por
sophiakostich · mai 2013
Atualizado
22 jul 2016
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182
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