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Flashcards

AN2 Nutrients

patience.almazan Inglês 58 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (58)

  1. 1What are the 6 essential nutrients?Water, Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals
  2. 2Aside from oxygen, what is the most essential nutrient?Water
  3. 3What are the 2 ways that water can be obtained?1.Drinking water 2.Through moisture in food
  4. 4What are the ranges of moisture content in food?10 - 80% by weight
  5. 5What bodily functions is water involved in?metabolic reactions, transport, temperature regulation, and shape
  6. 6What is formed when two units of glucose combine?disaccharide maltose and a molecule of water
  7. 7What results from digestion of 2 units of glucose? (carbohydrate)monosaccharides and water
  8. 8What atoms make up carbohydrates?carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  9. 9Complete the sentence: Carbohydrates are a ready source of _____.Energy
  10. 10Where can glucose and glycogen be stored?in tissues
  11. 11Give examples of carbohydrates.Can be simple sugars (glucose), simple polymers (starch) or very complex polymers (cellulose)
  12. 12True or false: Carbohydrates can be hard or impossible to digest.True!
  13. 13What are lipids (fats) composed of?glycerol and 3 fatty acid units
  14. 14True or False: All three fatty acid units which are part of a fat need to be identical.False! they don't need to be identical
  15. 15What atoms make up lipids?Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  16. 16Compare the amount of oxygen in a carbohydrate to the amount of oxygen in a lipid.There is less oxygen in lipids than in carbohydrates.
  17. 17Compare energy stored by a lipid versus a carbohydrate.Lipids store 2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates on a weight for weight basis.
  18. 18Describe forms that lipids can be found in. (saturated, etc)Saturated (no double bonds), mono and polysaturated.
  19. 19What makes a nutrient essential?Cannot be synthesized by the animal; must be obtained from the diet.
  20. 20What are proteins composed of?amino acids joined by peptide bonds
  21. 21What kind of bonds hold amino acids together within a protein?peptide bonds
  22. 22Give an example of an essential dietary amino acid for non-ruminants.Lysine
  23. 23What is the amino unit and acid unit in Lysine?Amino is NH2 and acid unit is COOH
  24. 24Approximately how many amino acids are found in animals?25
  25. 25What atoms make up proteins?Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
  26. 26What is the only nutrient that contains Nitrogen?Protein
  27. 27How many major amino acids are there?20
  28. 28What is a simple proteins composed of?entirely of amino acids
  29. 29What are complex proteins composed of?amino acids plus other substances
  30. 30Give an example of substances that complex proteins are comprised of aside from amino acids.carbohydrates, heme groups, etc.
  31. 31What elements comprise minerals?All elements except Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
  32. 32Are minerals organic?No! They are inorganic
  33. 33Why are minerals inorganic?They don't contain Carbon
  34. 34When is a mineral considered a macro-nutrient?if it is required in large amounts
  35. 35Give an example of a mineral that is considered a macro-nutrient.Calcium-it is required in large amounts
  36. 36When is a mineral considered a micro-nutrient?If its required in trace amounts
  37. 37Give an example of a mineral that is a micro-nutrient.selenium-required in trace amounts
  38. 38Finish the sentence: _____ forms the essential component of many complex proteins.Minerals
  39. 39Give an example of an essential component of a complex protein that minerals form?iron in hemoglobine
  40. 40What is a vitamin?An organic nutrient required in trace amounts for specific functions
  41. 41How many vitamins are there?16 known vitamins
  42. 42How are vitamins classed?fat-soluble or water soluble
  43. 43Name the fat soluble vitaminsA,D,E, & K
  44. 44Name the water-soluble vitaminsC, thiamin, niacin, or folic acid
  45. 45Which type of vitamin is essential for monogastric animals?Water-soluble vitamins
  46. 46Why are water-soluble vitamins essential for monogastric animals only?Monogastric animals cannot synthesize water-soluble vitamins. Can be synthesized by rumen bacteria and bacteria found in hind-gut fermenters.
  47. 47What happens if an animal experiences a lack of specific vitamins?Diseases
  48. 48What are the 2 ways that nutrients are absorbed?Passive transport and active transport
  49. 49Describe passive transport (nutrient absorption)diffusion across membrane
  50. 50Describe active transport (nutrient absorption)use of transporter proteins or endocytosis
  51. 51Which type of nutrient absorption is endocytosis involved in?active transport
  52. 52What is the difference between passive and active transport?Active transport required an expenditure of energy
  53. 53What are the 3 types of endocytosis?1.Phagocytosis 2.Pinocytosis 3.Receptor-mediated endocytosis
  54. 54What are the 3 main ways that energy is lost?In feces, in urine and gases, and in form of heat
  55. 55What does TDN stand for?Total digestible nutrients
  56. 56What does DE stand for and how is it calculated?Digestible energy = Gross Energy in feed - Energy in feces
  57. 57What does ME stand for and how is it calculated?Metabolizable energy = Digestible energy - Energy in urine and gaseous products in digestion
  58. 58What does NE stand for and how is it calculated?Net energy = Metabolizable energy - Energy used in consumption, digestion and metabolism of feed

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FlashCards sobre AN2 Nutrients, criado por patience.almazan em 05-05-2014.
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