Sem título

Studying the language of second language learners

is

Children's knowledge of the grammatical syustem of their first language

built up in

predictable sequences

Like first language learners

second language learners don't learn language

imitation and practice

simply through

Both first and second language acquisition

best described as

are

developing systems

their own evolving rules and patterns.

with

Contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage

According to

the contrastive analysis hypothesis (CAH)

Until 1960's

errors were assumed to be

the result of transfer from learners' first language

and they can be explained better in

terms of learners' developing knowledge

the structure of the target language

Larry Selinker

of

gave the name

interlanguage

learners' developing second language knowledge.

Developmental sequences

Second language learners

pass through sequences of development:

to

What is learned early by one is learned early by others

they know another language

has different patterns

creating sentences and word forms.

that

for

Grammatical morphemes

In analysing each learners' speech

researchers identify

the obligatory contexts

for each morpheme

the place in a sentence

that is

the morpheme is necessary

make a sentence

where

to

grammatically correct

the learners' first language

this shows that

does have an influence on

acquisition sequences

Negation

"no"

most learners

is preferred by

the negative form

it is

easiest to hear and recognize

that is

the speech they are exposed to.

in

Questions

speakers have to ask

questions in order to

find out vocabulary and knowledge.

Possessive determiners

Joanna White

studied the acquisition of possessive determiners

French-speaking students

by

she found

and

3 main stages of it.

1. Pre-emergence

2. Emergence

3. Post-emergence

they achieve

at the end

error-free use of determiners

Relative clauses

Learners first acquire them

refer to nouns in the subject

that

subject and direct object position

in the

Reference to past

learners develop the ability

locate events in time

start attach a grammatical morpheme

to

and

Movement through developmental sequences

In examining a language sample

an individual learner

from

one shouldn't expect

find behaviours

to

only one stage

from

progress to a higher stage

always mean fewer errors.

and

doesn't

More about first language influence

There is no doubt

learners draw on the patterns

that

ohter languages they know

of

they try to discover

as

the complexities of te new language

they are learning.

The patterns of those earlier languages

established.

are firmly

learners have experience

and as

the new language

with

there is an

interplay

the new

old patterns.

between

and