MRSA + C.Difficile

MRSA + C.Difficile

1. Stands for : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas

   • Scientific name is : Staphylococcus aureas
   • Can also be called ORSA
     • Stands for : Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas

2. Resistant Bacterium

   • MRSA is a strain of common infection-causing bacterium
   • Resistant to particular types of antibiotics
   • Resistance caused by adaptation to antibiotics in the past 20 years
   • (Picture of MRSA)

3. Treatments

   • Usage of special cream, soaps and shampoo
   • Treated by specialized antibiotics
     • Vancomycin and Teicoplanin
       • (Picture of Teicoplanin injection kit)

4. How is it spread?

   • Commonly spread from physical contact with skin and other shared objects

5. Where is it found?

   • Hospitals and prisons
     • This is due to shared usage of items, open wounds and weakened immune systems
     • MRSA is hazardous to vulnerable people in hospitals and prisons as it is hard

6. Precautions

   • Generally
     • Wash hands regularly; especially after using the lavatory and before eating.
     • Do not share objects that may with other people have made contact e.g. towels, soaps etc...
     • Have antibiotic guidelines to prevent viruses such as MRSA
   • In hospital
     • Improve ward inspection and regular cleansing of shared objects e.g. bedding
     • Screen patients for MRSA

7. Symptoms

   • MRSA can be recognized as pimples and boils on the skin

8. Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium

   • C.Difficile is an ' infectious diarrhea ' causing bacterium
   • Effects can range from mild diarrhea to life threatening bowel inflammation
   • Produces spores
   • The infection is usually caused after having taken antibiotics
     • The antibiotics can kill harmless bacteria in the gut, thus reducing the amounts of bacteria allowing C. Difficile to reproduce in large quantities
       • This bacteria then releases toxins which are harmful in large doses causing diarrhea
   • (Picture of C. Difficile)

9. Scientific name is : Clostridium difficile

   • This name derives from two languages
     • Greek : Kloster ; meaning ' spindle '
     • Latin : difficile ; meaning difficult

10. Treatments

    • Treated by specialized antibiotics
      • Vancomycin and Metronidazole
        • (Picture of Metronidazole tablets)
    • Stopping intake of antibiotics that could potentially enhance the infection

11. How is it spread?

    • C. Difficile is a bacterium that produces spores.
      • These spores can be transmitted to anyone

12. Where is it found?

    • C. Difficile dwells harmlessly in your gut in small numbers (in context)

13. Precautions

    • Generally
      • Wash hands regularly; especially after using the lavatory
    • In hospital
      • Strict hygiene measures and good cleaning practises
      • Stopping unnecessary prescription of antibiotics

14. Symptoms

    • Diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite and abdominal pain

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