History of Microbiology

History of Microbiology

1. 1st Microbiology

   • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
     • ~1st Handcrafted Microscope
     • 1st Observation microbe refer Animalcules

2. Invention of microscope

   • Robert Hooke
   • Micrographia: Book describes microscopic world

3. Theories

   • 1.Spontaneous Generation
     • Life arise non-living matter
       • John Needham
         • Experiment: Heat nutrient fluid before pour covered flask
           • Discovery: Have microbes
         • Theory: Microbe arise spontaneous
       • Lazzaro Spallanzani
         • Experiment: Same as Needham's
           • Discovery: Contradict with Needham's.
             • No microbes
         • Theories:
           • microbes from air enter into Needham's flask
     • Problems:
       • Needham said Spallanzani has not enought O2 to support microbial life
         • Due to extend boiling
   • 2.Biogenesis
     • Living cells arise from pre-existing living cell
     • Rudolf Virchow
   • 3.Pasteur's Experiment
     • Experiment:
       • Boiled beef broth in sealed and opened short flask
         • Discovery: Sealed flask=No microbe
       • Boiled open-ended "S" flask bent filled broth
         • Discovery: No microbe
     • Theories
       • Curved neck ("S") trapped airborne microbes
       • Microbes is everywhere
       • Microbe destroyed heat
       • Method devised: block access airborne microorganism to nutrients environment

4. Golden Age Of Microbiology

   • Discovery:
     • Agent of many diseases
       • Germ Theory Disease
         • Robert Koch
           • Discovered Bacillus anthracis
           • Koch's postulated
     • Role Immunity in prevention & cure
     • Study chemical activities microorganism
     • Improve techniques performing microscope and cultured microbes
     • Vaccine Developments and surgical techniques
       • Edward Jenner
         • Inoculate attenuated (weak) virus in his own son (Swine pox and smallpox)
           • 1st vaccine

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