PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

1. What is it

   • using problems as a starting point for the acquisition and integration of new knowledge
   • Small Group Learning

2. Objectives

   • Acquire and retain knowledge
   • be able to retrieve the knowledge
   • Development of effective self-directed learning skills
   • Activation of Prior Knowledge
   • motivation for learning
   • developing communication skills
   • Leadership roles
   • value team work and interpersonal skills

3. Elements

   • Problem
     • What Is it
       • description of a set of phenomena or events in need of explanation
     • students use “triggers” to define their own learning objectives
     • Role
       • develop Problem solving skills
       • Integrative thinking
       • Behavior
       • Learning how to learn
   • Tutor
     • Who is the tutor
       • person who facilitates learning of students in PBL tutorials
     • Role
       • Maintain the Group Dynamics
     • Skills
       • Provides frequent feedback
       • Promotes integration
       • Asks Questions and probes reasoning process
       • Helps students to balance basic and clinical sciences
       • Encourages critical appraisal of information
       • Encourages student control of the tutorials
       • Facilitates and supports good interpersonal relationships
   • Students
     • Role
       • Facilitator
       • Recorder
       • Leader
       • Elaborator
       • Learner
       • Critic
       • Constructive Evaluator
       • Encourager
       • Active Discussant
       • Knowledgeable about PBL Process
       • Punctual
       • Committed
       • Scribe
   • Process
     • Seven Jumps
       • Define the problem
       • Analyze the problem
       • Summarize
       • Formulate learning objectives
       • Self study based on step 5
       • Report back in the group
       • Clarify terms

4. Starting the Problem – Tutorial Session 1

   • Analyze, Discuss the problem
   • What do we know?
   • What do we need to Know?
   • List learning objectives
   • Organize who does what

5. Reporting Back – Tutorial Session 2

   • Explain and Present New information
   • Linkage to the problem
   • Present concept map

6. Aims

   • Fostering self-directed and life-long learners
   • Facilitation of learning
   • Development of social skills that enhance professional relations

7. How Does PBL Group Facilitate Learning

   • Answering questions about a text
   • Taking notes
   • Discussion with other students
   • Teaching peers
   • Summarizing
   • Formulating a hypothesis
   • Drawing a concept map