The arm

The arm

1. Anatomy

   • Bones
     • Humerus
     • Radial
     • Ulna
   • Muscles
     • Flexors
       • BIceps
       • Coracobrachialis
       • Brachialis
     • Extenors
       • Triceps
   • Nerves
     • Musculocutaneous nerve
     • Ulnar nerve
     • Median nerve
   • Blood vessels
     • Brachial artery

2. HIstology of the bone

   • Bone cells
     • Osteoprogenitor cells
     • Osteoclast
     • Osteoblast
     • Osteocytes
   • Bone matrix
     • Organic
       • Collagen fibres
       • Glycosaminoglycans
       • Sialoprotein
       • Osteocalcin and osteopontin
     • Inorganic
       • 65% of bone mass
       • Provides rigidity
       • contains Ca, P, K, Na, Mg minerals
   • Periosteum
     • non-calcified C.T. membrane
     • function
       • growth of bones (width)
       • healing of bone

3. Common Injuries

   • Acute injuries
     • Bruises
     • Pulled muscles (strains)
     • Muscle rupture
     • ligament injuries (Sprain)
     • tendon injuries
     • DIslocation
   • Overuse injuries
     • Bursitis
     • Tendonitis
     • Stress fractures
     • Pressure on nerves

4. Fractures

   • Patterns
   • Types
     • Closed fracture
     • Open fracture
   • Clinical presentation of a fracture
     • Severe pain
     • Swelling
     • Bruising
     • Deformity
     • Limitation in movement
   • Management
     • Cast
     • Splint
     • Bandage
     • Reduction
       • Closed
       • Open
     • Physioherapy
   • Healing Process
     • Inflammation
       • Hematoma formation
     • Repair
       • Callus formation
       • Callus ossification
     • Remodelling

5. First Aid

   • 1) ABC
     • A: Airways
     • B: Breathing
     • C: Circulation
   • 2) RICE
     • R: Rest
     • I: Ice
     • C: Compression
     • E: Elevation

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