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2.2 - Water transfer
Descrição
A-level Geography G3 (Water) Mapa Mental sobre 2.2 - Water transfer, criado por RoryFlynn2 em 06-06-2013.
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geography g3
water
geography g3
water
a-level
Mapa Mental por
RoryFlynn2
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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RoryFlynn2
quase 11 anos atrás
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2.2 - Water transfer
Libya's great man made river, Gaddafi
Covers land area of 2 million km sq
Lib = 90% desert
World's largest irrigation project
Aim to reduce heavy independence on food imports
Supplies 2 million cubic meters of water per day
From ancient aquifers under Libyan desert
Cities would be without water without it
Water reservoirs worth a lot of money - $70,000,000,000,000
1/2 million concrete pipes - 6000km pipelines
Phoenix, Arizona (100mile city)
pop 3.6 million
Rise in pop = water qual drop
100 wells drilled - water table drop
Serious water crisis in '80s
Chose to increase supply rather than decrease demand
Water transported by Central Arizona Project (CAP) - Rivers and canals
14 pumping stations on 500km of canal
High levels of evaporation - in the desert and in the open
$4 billion project(s)
Water recycling + water treating
Closing of farms + directing water to cities instead of irrigation
Job loss
Spare CAP water put into aquifer to back it up
Water table still drops - subsidence
Rivers dried up
Wildlife + habitat disappeared
Snowy Mountain
Positives
Economic benefits
Diverts 1.1km cubed/yr into Murray-Darling
Added value - $115-145 million per year
Increased recreation + tourism
Negatives
Enviro impacts
Destroy wildlife
River flow fallen to 1% in some areas
Agric in low land affected - overdraft, groundwater + salinisation issues
Competition between farmers + residents
Political fallout
Govts restore some of the flow + invest in water-saving projects
Govt action
2002 national and state govts signed agreement to undo part of water transfers to partly restore snowy river flow
Target: restore flows to 15% in 1-7 yrs - 28% after 10yrs
$289 million allocated to restore 0.28 km sq/yr of water
Scheme difficult to deliever - Dams cannot release increased flow
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