The respiratory system (mind map)

The respiratory system (mind map)

1. Anatomy of the respiratory system

   • The respiratory tract
     • The lower respiratory tract
       • The trachea
       • The bronchi
       • The brochioles
       • The alveoli
     • The upper respiratory tract
       • The nasal cavity
       • The nose and mouth
       • The pharynx (the throat)
       • The larynx (voice box)
     • Epiglottis
   • Muscles of the respiratory system
     • The diaphragm
     • The intercoastal muscles
       • External
       • Internal
   • The lungs
     • The pleural membrane
       • Visceral
       • Parietal
   • The thoracic cavity
     • The ribcage

2. Function of the respiratory system

   • Pulmonary ventilation
     • Inspiration
     • Expiration

3. Lung volumes

   • Respiratory rate
   • Tidal volume
   • Minute volume
   • Residual volume
   • Vital capacity
   • Reserve volumes
     • Inspiratory reserve volume
     • Expiratory reserve volume
   • Total lung volume

4. Gaseous exchange

   • Gas percentages
     • Oxygen
       • Exhaled air
         • 16.0%
       • Inhaled air
         • 21.0%
     • Carbon dioxide
       • Inhaled air
         • 0.04%
       • Exhaled air
         • 4.0%
   • Oxygen: Alveoli -> Blood in the capillaries (red blood cells)
   • Carbon dioxide: Blood in the capillaries (blood plasma) -> Alveoli
   • Gas movement: High concentration -> Low concentration

5. Control of breathing

   • Factors controlling breathing
     • Neural control
       • Medulla oblongata
         • Dorsal respiratory group
         • Ventral respiratory group
           • Rhythm generation
     • Chemical fluctuations (atmospheric levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, blood carbon dioxide levels, blood acidity)
       • Chemoreceptors
         • Medulla oblongata
         • Aortic arch
         • Carotid arteries