Present perfect vs past simple

Present perfect vs past simple

1. The past simple is used to completed actions in the past. Can be in the past precent or a distant past.

2. The present perfect is a mixture of the present and the past. we use the perfect present when the past it has importance with the present.

   • In present perfect is used the auxiliary have or has. Have to I /you / we / they and Has to She/ He / It

3. Usually, we used the adverbs of time

   • As for example
     • - Last Year - Yesterday - Last night - Later - This morning - Last month

4. The composition of the past simple is:

   • Affirmative
     • Subject + Verb in simple past + complement
       • Example: I went at the school / He was a nurse
       • it's used the auxiliary Was/ Were Was to I/He/She/It and Were to You/They/We
   • Interrogative
     • Did / Didn't + Subject + verbs simple form + complement?
       • Example: Did he cut the apple? / Didn't they eat cookies?
   • Negative
     • Subject + didn't/ did not + Vrerb in simple form + complement
       • Example: They didn´t go / She didn't lose

5. It is not used the time expressions. If not, we use Just, already, ever or never, since & for and yet

   • Yet is used in things that they wait. Also is used sentences interrogative o negative.
     • In spanish, Yet in negative it means "Aún" or "Todavia". Also Yet in interrogative it means "Ya"
     • Composition of the sentence in question: Have/Has + Subject + V.P.P + complement + yet?
       • Example: Have I won the career yet?
     • Composition of the sentence in negative: Subject + Haven´t/Hasn´t + V.P.P. + Complement + yet
       • Example: He hasn't driven a car yet
   • Already is used when something has already happened or something expected.
     • In Spanish it means "Ya"
     • Composition of the sentence: Subject + have/has + already + verb in past participle + complement
       • Example: She has already sold hamburger
   • since & for is used of express a relation from time.
     • In Spanish, Since it means "Desde"
     • In Spanish, For it means "Durante"
     • Composition from For: Subject + Have/Has + V.P.P. + For + complement (Have or Has is optinal)
       • Example: We always run for at least one hour every day
     • Composition from Since: Subject + Have/Has + V.P.P. + Since + complement
       • Example: I have lived in Mexico since December 2005.
   • Just is used when the actions that finished recently
     • In Spanish it means: "Acaba de" or "Justo"
     • composition of the sentence: Subject + have/has + just + verb in past participle + complement
       • Example: I have just eaten watermelon
   • Ever or never is used to talk of the frequencies from the activities
     • In Spanish Ever it means "Alguna vez"
     • Composition from the question and answer (Affirmative or negative).
       • NOTE: Never not is used in the question
         • Question
           • Have/Has + Subject + ever + V.P.P + Complement?
             • Example: Has she ever stolen a bank?
         • Answer
           • Subject + Has/Have + Ever/ Never V.P.P. + complement
             • She has never stolen a bank
       • Also, Is used superlatives, restrictive (only, first, last, etc.) and later of than
     • In Spanish Never ot means "En ningun momento"

6. The composition of the present perfect is:

   • Affirmative
     • Subject + Have/Has + V.P.P. + complement
       • example: I have taken a cookie
   • Question
     • Has/ Have (Also in negative) + subject + V.P.P. + complement?
       • Example: Have you talked to Mary?
   • Negative
     • Subject + Haven´t / Hasn´t + V.P.P. + complement
       • Example: She Hasn´t gone at the school

7. In the verbs exist, two types: the regular and irregular.

   • The regular verbs have rulers
     • When the verb finished in a consonant, add - ED
       • Example: want - wantED - Learn- LeatrnED
     • When the verb finished in a E, add -D
       • Example: Change - ChangeD Dance - DanceD
     • When the verbs finished in consonant - vowel - consonant, add the last consonant and ad -ED
       • Example: stop - stopPED plan - PlanNED
       • Although exist exceptions
         • Example: Visit - VisitED Mix - MixED
     • When the finished in "Y" drop the -Y and add -IED
       • Example: Cry - CrIED Carry - CarrIED
       • Although exist exceptions
         • Example: Play - PlayED Enjoy - EnjoyEd
   • The Irregular verbs there is no way to identify them with the naked eye. You only learn them
     • Example: bear - bore fly - flew go - went lead - led
     • Some verbs serve as auxiliary
       • Example: Be - Was/were Have . Had Do - did
   • Other verbs not change
     • Example: Bet, cost, cut, put, set, shut

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