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135836
Chemical Functional Groups and chemicals
Descrição
Degree Chemistry Mapa Mental sobre Chemical Functional Groups and chemicals, criado por 07cowanl em 19-06-2013.
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chemistry
chemistry
degree
Mapa Mental por
07cowanl
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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07cowanl
quase 11 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Chemical Functional Groups and chemicals
Carboxylic Acids
R-COOH
fairly weak acid
Can't easily give away H+ ions from OH group.
Alcohols
primary
R-OH
can be oxidised into aldehydes or carboxylic acids.
secondary
R-COH-R
can be oxidised into ketones
tertiary
R-C(CH3)OH-R
cannot be oxidised
Acyl Chlorides
R-COCl
Carboxylic acid derivatives
nasty chemicals
React with amines to form amides
Esters
R-COO-R
carboxylic acid (or derivative) + alcohol
smell sweet/distinctive.
Ethers
R-C-O-C-R
Isomers of alcohols
Acid Anhydrides
R-COOCO-R
carboxylic acid derivative
formed when 2 carboxylic acid molecules react together (also forms water)
Aldehydes
R-COH
product of primary alcohol being oxidised and then distilled off.
Would further oxidise to a carboxylic acid if not distilled off
Ketones
R-CO-R
Product of secondary alcohol being oxidised
Alkenes
R-C=C-R
have the same molecular formula as cycloalkanes.
Alkanes
R Chains (C-H bonds only)
Simplest hydrocarbon chains
Can be made into alkenes by removing a hydrogen molecule
Amides/Peptides
R-CONH-R
Carboxylic acid derivative
Amides can be primary or secondary
Can be hydrolysed into amine and carboxylic acid
Amines
R-CNH2
Alkane derivative
Phenols
Benzene ring with an OH functional group attached
Wont react with alcohols to form esters
Nasty chemical (can give you a chemical burn)
Amino acids
H2N-C(R)-COOH
Carboxylic acid and amine combined.
Can form zwitter ions and act as buffers
Proteins
Many amino acids joined together
R-C=O-NH-R
This is a peptide link, which is also a secondary amide
Can be hydrolysed to get the L-amino acids back
Only made up of L enantiomers
Alkynes
R-C (triple bond)C-R
Nitriles
R-C-C(triple bond)N
Used in organic reactions to add an extra carbon to a carbon chain
Cyanohydrin
Formed when an aldehyde reacts with HCN in alkaline conditions
R-C(OH)(CN)-R
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