how are protocols used?

how are protocols used?

1. communication

   • IP
     • method by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet
     • each computer has at least one IP address that is unique
   • UDP
     • communications protocol used to establish low latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on the internet

2. application layer protocols

   • HTTP
     • provides facilities for developing web applications and for making deployed web applications accessible by HTTP clients
   • FTP
     • transfer of computer files between a client and a server on a computer network
   • SMTP
     • protocol for sending emails between servers
   • POP3
     • standard mail protocol used to receive emails from a remote server to a local email client
   • IMAP
     • allows access to email messages via the internet. they are stored on servers
   • SIP
     • communications protocol for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications of internet telephony for voice and video calls
   • HTTPS
     • extension of HTTP for secure communication over a computer network

3. communication protocols

   • wireless
     • 802.11ac
       • 5GHz band, 500Mbit/s
     • 802.11b
       • 2.4GHz band, 11Mbit/s
     • 802.11g
       • 2.4GHz band, 54 Mbit/s
   • copper cabling
     • ethernet
       • commonly used in LAN, WAN and MAN
     • gigabit ethernet
       • transfers data at a rate of a gigabit per second
     • fast ethernet
       • speeds of 100 Mbit/s
   • broadband
     • ADSL
       • type of digital subscriber line, enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines
     • VDSL
       • faster than ADSL, up to 52 mbit/s
     • DOCSIS
       • international telecommunications permits the addition of high-bandwidth transfer to an exisitng cable tv
   • older protocols
     • dial-up
       • uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network
     • ISDN
       • set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.