Shoulder Conditions

Shoulder Conditions

1. Anatomy of the Shoulder

   • The Sternoclavicular Joint
     • Consists of an articulation of the superior sternum, with proximal clavicle
   • The AC Joint
     • Articulation of the medial facet of the acromion process of the scapula with the distal clavicle
   • The Coracoclavicular Joint
     • is syndesmosis where the coracoid process of the scapula and the inferior surface of the clavicle are joint by the coracoidclavicular joint
   • The Glenohumeral Joint
     • Articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head f the humerus
   • The Scapulothoracic
     • Used in stabilization and facilitate movement of the upper extremity
   • Bursae
     • Subcoracoid
     • Subscapularis
     • Subacromial***
   • Muscles
     • Supraspinatus
     • Infraspinatus
     • Teres Minor
     • Teres Major
     • Levator Scapulae
     • Serratus Posterior Superior
     • Rhomboid Major
     • Rhomboid Minor
     • Latissimus Dorsi
     • Trapezius
     • Serratus Posterior Inferior
   • Nerves

2. Physical Examinations

   • Functional Tests
     • Active Movements
     • Passive Range of Motion
       • Tissue Stretch, Tissue Approximation, Tissue stretch or approximation, Bone-to-bone or tissue stretch
     • Resisted Range of Motion
     • Manual Muscle Testing
   • Stress Tests
     • Sternoclavicular Instability
       • SC Joint play
     • Acromioclavicular Joint instability
       • Paxinos Sign
       • Acromioclavicular Instability Test
         • AC Joint Play
       • Acromioclavicular Distraction
       • Compression Test
     • Glenohumeral Joint Instability
       • Crank Test/ Apprehension Test for Anterior Instability
       • Relocation Test for Instability
       • Anterior and posterior Load and Shift Test
       • Posterior Apprehension Test
       • Sulcus Sign
   • Special Tests
     • Labral Lesions
       • Clunk Test
       • Grind Test/ compression Rotation Test
     • Shoulder Impingement
       • Neer Test
       • Hawkins-Kennedy Test
       • Painful Arc Sign
     • Muscle Tendon Pathology Tests
       • Pectoralis Major Contracture Test
       • Lift-Off Test
       • Drop Arm Test
       • Empty Can Test
       • Full Can Test
       • Transverse Humeral Ligament Test
       • Yergason Test
       • Speed's Test
       • Ludington Test
     • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
       • Adson Test
       • Allen Test
       • Costoclavicular Syndrome Test/ Military Brace
   • Neurological Tests
     • Myotomes
       • Scapular Elevation, Shoulder Abduction, Elbow Flexion and/or wrist extension, elbow extension and/or wrist flexion, Thumb extension and/or ulnar deviation, Abduction and/or adduction of the hand intrinsics
     • Reflexes
     • Cutaneous Patterns