the present perfect

the present perfect

1. time expressions

   • ° ever
   • ° yet
   • °since
   • ° already
   • ° for
   • ° still
   • ° never

2. formula

   • negative
     • pronouns + hasn't / haven't + past participle + complement
   • positive
     • pronouns + has /have + past participle + complement
   • interrogative
     • have / has + pronouns + past participle + complement ?

3. when do we use the present perfect ?

   • i'dont indicate exactly when
   • a continuing action that started in the past
   • to describe an experience
   • to describe a change over a period of time
   • something starts in the past and continues up until now
   • to describe accomplishment
   • repeated past actions
   • the very recent past