Crediting sources

Crediting sources

1. Quoting and Paraphrasing 170

   • Direct Quotation of Sources
     • <40 words
       • Appear mid-sentence
       • Appear at the end of sentence
     • >= 40 words
       • Block of text
   • Paraphrasing Material
     • Must: Author + Year (Optional: Page or para. no.)
   • Direct Quotations of Online Material Without Pagination
     • ([authors], [years], [page number])
       • Paragraph numbers are visible
         • ([authors], [years], para. [paragraph number])
       • Paragraph and page numbers are invisible, headings are available
         • ([authors], [years], [the heading], para. [the number of the paragraph following it])
       • Paragraph and page numbers are invisible, headings may be too unwieldy to cite in full
         • ([authors], [years], "[shortened title]", para. [the number of the paragraph following it])
   • Accuracy of Quotations
     • Direct quotations must be accurate
     • If there are grammatically incorrect words, insert the word sic italicized and bracketed, immediately after the error
   • Changes From the Source Requiring No Explanation
     • Capitalization
     • Placement of punctuation
     • "a" <-> 'a'
   • Changes From the Source Requiring Explanation
     • Omitting material
     • Inserting material
     • Adding emphasis
   • Citations Within Quotations
     • Do not omit citations embedded within the original material
   • Permission to Quote, Reprint, or Adapt

2. When you use something that is not yours

   • Not?
     • Plagiarism
     • Self-plagiarism

3. Citing References in Text

   • One Work by One Author
   • Works With No Identified Author or With an Anonymous Author
   • Authors With the Same Surname
   • Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses
   • Groups as Authors
   • One Work by Multiple Authors
   • Secondary Sources
   • Classical Works
   • Citing Specific Parts of a Source
   • Personal Communications
   • Citations in Parenthetical Material

4. Reference

   • Reference List
     • Construction of an Accurate and Complete Reference List
     • Consistency
     • Using the Archival Copy or Version of Record
     • Order of References in the Reference List
     • References Included in a Meta-Analysis
   • Reference Components
     • Author and Editor Information
     • Publication Date
     • Title
     • Publication Information
     • Electronic Sources and Locator Information
     • Providing Publication Data for Electronic Sources

5. Single page number: p. (Example: p. 15); multiple page numbers: pp. (Examples: pp. 125-126)

6. Parenthetical

7. Narrative

8. et.all