Knee Injury

Knee Injury

1. Knee joint

   • synovial joint
     • shape
       • plane
       • hinge
       • pivot
       • ellipsoid
       • saddle
       • ball and socket
     • axes
       • Uni-axial
       • Bi-axial
       • multi-axial
     • number
       • simple
       • compound
       • complex
     • which type
       • A multi-axial Condyloid joint
         • Anatomy
           • Articulation surfaces
             • patello-femoral
             • tibio-femoral
             • there is also many bursae
           • bones
             • tibia
               • attached to the condyles
             • patella
             • femur
               • attached together by
                 • medial and collateral ligaments
                 • anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

2. What is cartilage

   • a type of connective tissue
     • types
       • hyaline
         • it covers articulating surfaces of the joint
       • elastic
       • fibrocartilage
     • formed
       • matrix
         • proteoglycans
         • collagen
         • elastin
       • cells
         • chondrocyte
           • inside lacunae

3. A multi-axial Condyloid joint

   • examination
     • introduction
     • look
       • gait and posture
       • skin
       • shape
       • position
     • feel
       • bony landmark
       • muscle wasting
       • patellar effusion
       • temperature & pulses
     • move
       • active
       • passive
     • test
       • stability test
         • collateral stress test
         • Anterior drawer test
         • posterior drawer test
         • Apley's distraction test
       • special test
         • McMurry's test
         • Apley's grinding test
         • patellar apprehension test

4. osteoarthritis

   • lab investigations
     • to rule out other causes
   • erosion
     • cartilage fibrillation
     • bone eburnation
     • osteophytes formation
   • signs and symptoms
     • pain & tenderness
     • crepitus
     • stiffness
   • risk factors
     • joint alighnment
     • age
     • female gender
     • obesity
     • genes
   • epidemiology
   • Types
     • Primary
       • Most common
       • unknown cause
     • Secondary
       • because of underlying pathology or disease
   • imaging
     • x ray
     • MRI

Imagens e arquivos do mapa