Lectures 1-3

Lectures 1-3

1. Lecture 1 - Foundations of Communication

   • Communication Defined
     • Exchange/transfer of messages
     • The messages we give and give off The message we send is not always the message perceived Words alone do not have meaning
   • Employer's Top 10 Skills and Attributes
     • 1. Interpersonal and communication skills (written and oral)
     • 2. Drive and commitment/industry knowledge
     • 3. Critical reasoning and analytical skills and technical skills
     • 4. Calibre of academic results
     • 5. Cultural alignment/values fit
     • 6. Work experience
     • 7. Teamwork skills
     • 8. Emotional intelligence (including self-awareness, confidence, motivation)
     • 9. Leadership skills
     • 10. Activities (including intra and extracurricular)
   • Types of Communication
     • Verbal
       • Spoken as well as written
     • Graphic
       • What the eyes can see, visual
     • Non-Verbal
       • Neither graphic nor verbal (facial expressions, etc.)
       • 60-80% of all forms of communication from a person are nonverbal
   • Models of Communication
     • Transmission Model
       • Presumes meanings are neutral, and will be interpreted in the same way by all Presumes all communication is intentional and transparent Linear - one-way, not two-way
       • Ignores social context Ignores time Ignores influence of channels
     • Transactional Model
       • Communication is continuous and simultaneous All communicators have a past, present and future All communicators play roles
       • Communication is irreversible Communication is inevitable (You can not not communicate)
   • Values
     • Basic convictions (notions) about what is right and wrong
     • They influence attitudes and communication
     • Some values are enduring, others may change
     • Knowing another's values assists in communicating with them
     • Terminal Values are the end-state we hope to achieve in life
     • Instrumental Values are means of achieving these terminal values
     • Cognitive Dissonance/Congruence is a conflict or agreement between two values or values and behavior
   • Channel
     • The conveying of messages
     • Medium through which messages pass
       • Sight, Sound, Smell, Touch, Taste
     • Means of Communication
       • Face-to-face, Telephone/smart phone, SMS, IM, Email, Letter, Fax, Www
     • Synchronous/Asynchronous
       • Sent and received simultaneously OR Received at a later time
     • Information Richness
       • Richest channel: face-to-face conversation
     • Social Acceptance
       • Communication channel norms
       • Individual communication channel preferences
       • Symbolic meaning of the communication channel
       • Use rich communication media when the situation is non-routine and ambiguous
   • Context
     • The environment in which communication occurs
     • Temporal
       • Time of day, Time in history (length of relationship)
     • Physical
       • The tangible environment of communication
     • Social-Psychological
       • Status, roles, formality/informality, relationships, occasion, society
     • Cultural
       • Beliefs, values and attitudes
   • Interference (Noise)
     • Anything that disrupts the message being sent during communication
     • External
       • Physical
         • Loud music, traffic, crowds, etc.
     • Internal
       • Physiological
         • Thick accent, speech impediment
       • Semantical
         • Ways in which different meanings have been created
       • Psychological
         • Current frame of mind, stability
   • Principles
     • Dynamic
     • Unrepeatable and Irreversible
     • Affected by culture
     • Influenced by ethics
     • Builds Social Capital
     • Has no opposite: All messages are unique(?)

2. Lecture 2 - Ethics

   • Extra
     • Fundamentally about the decisions we make in our lives If good people stand by and let unethical behavior proceed, it will succeed
   • Individual Ethics
     • No black or white (only grey)
       • What constitutes 'ethical' can be perceived differently from another perspective
       • Human beings have evolved a moral instinct
       • Human beings build moral systems that are specific to the culture in which they grow
       • What constitutes ethical varies from one person to another
     • Determinants
       • Family Influences
       • Peer Influences
       • Life experiences
       • Personal values and morals
       • Situational factors
   • The Ethical Communicator: Aristotle's Golden Mean
   • Ethical Perspectives
     • Ethical Relativism
       • Relativism denies that we can make rational or objective ethical judgements
       • There is no right or wrong, moral or immoral, except in terms of a particular culture and society
       • "When in Rome do as the Romans do"
     • Ethical Absolutism
       • A single code of conduct should be observed everywhere
       • Assumes that one country's standard are the correct ones and should be imposed on people everywhere
       • Denies the right of people who are affected to decide in business conduct
       • When in Rome, do as you would at home
     • Ethical Pluralism
       • Argues there is a plurality of basic moral principles which are self validating and self justifying
       • * There is a plurality of moral norms that cannot be reduced to one basic norm
       • * Involves finding a 'better' answer to ethical questions
       • * Ethical decisions involve balancing various demand and perspectives
       • An acceptance of more than one judgement regarding the interpretation and application of a shared ethical norm

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