Process Selection and Facility Layout

Process Selection and Facility Layout

1. TECHNOLOGY

   • Automation
     • machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically -3 types: fixed, programmable, and flexible
   • computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
     • the use of computers in process control, ranging from robots to automated quality control
   • Robot
     • A machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a power supply, and a controller

2. PROCESS SELECTION

   • Process Types
     • Job Shop / Batch
       • -allows for variety of processing requirements -general-purpose equipment -semiskilled or skilled workers -lower volume (lots), higher per unit cost -differences in processing requirements leads to routing and scheduling challenges -inventory or custom order
     • Continuous / Repetitive
       • -highly standardized products -specialization of labor and equipment -low -skill labor requirements -rapid rate, high volume, low per unit cost -made for inventory
     • Project
       • -large, unusual items -complex jobs with unique sets of activities -limited life spans, nonrepetitive -EX: construction, space missions, shipyards, etc.
   • deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized

3. PROCESS STRATEGY

   • decision makers choose flexible systems for either of two reasons
     • Demand variety or uncertainty exists about demand
     • can be overcome through improved forecasting

4. FACILITIES LAYOUT

   • -planning for the location of: all machines, employee work stations, customer service areas, material storage areas, and flow patterns of materials and people around, into, and within buildings --Facilities layout decisions arise when: -designing new facilities -re-designing existing facilities
   • cellular layouts
     • layout in which machines are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements
   • Combination layouts
     • some operational environments use a combination of the three basic layout types: -hospitals -supermarket -shipyards

5. DESIGNING PRODUCT LAYOUTS

   • layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow

6. DESIGNING PROCESS LAYOUTS

   • Facilitate a smooth flow of work, material, and information through the system
   • Supporting objectives
     • Facilitate product or service quality
     • Use workers and space efficiently
     • Minimize material handling costs
     • Design for saftety
     • Minimize production time or customer service time
     • Avoid bottlenecks

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