Network protocols and communications

Network protocols and communications

1. Communication Basics

   • People exchange ideas through various communication methods.
   • Communication begins with a message, or information, that must be sent from a source to a destination
   • Establishment of rules
     • An identified transmitter and receiver
     • the computer and network protocols define the details of how messages are transmitted over a network
     • Common language and grammar
     • Common language and grammar
     • Confirmation or acknowledgement of receipt requirements
   • Coding of the messages
     • Decoding reverses this process to interpret the idea..
     • to send a message is to code it.
     • The issuing host
     • Each bit is encoded in a sound pattern
     • The target host receives and decodes the signals to interpret the message
   • Format and encapsulation of the message
     • PC messages are also encapsulated
     • specific format, called a plot
       • provides the destination address and host address
     • Messages that do not have the correct format cannot be sent to the target host
   • Size of the message
     • The long message will be sent in separate plots
     • long message from one host to another over a network, it is necessary to separate it into smaller parts
     • Each frame will also have its own address information
   • Message Synchronization
     • Access method
       • To know when to start sending messages and how to respond when a collision occurs
       • At what point someone can send a message.
     • Flow control
       • To negotiate the correct synchronization so that the communication is successful.
     • Waiting time for response
       • How long you have to wait for an answer and what to do if it runs out
   • Delivery options of the message
     • Unification", that the message has only one recipient.
     • Diffusion that is sent to all devices
     • Multiplication is the sending of the same message to a group of hosts

2. Rules governing communications

   • suite de protocolos
   • Hosts and network devices implement protocol suites in software
   • Protocol suites are set of rules that works together to help solve a problem
   • Protocols of network
     • Network must describe precise requirements and interactions
     • Hypertext Transfer Protocol
     • Protocol on transmission control
     • Internet protocol
   • Interaction of protocols
     • HTTP
       • That interact with a web server and a web client
     • TCP
       • Manages the individual conversations
     • IP
       • Package them, assign appropriate addresses
     • Ethernet
       • Communication via a data link and the physical transmission of data in the network media
   • Protocol Suites and industry standards
     • AppleTalk
     • Novell Netware
   • TCP/IP protocol set
     • The network access layer protocols are responsible for the delivery of IP packets
     • Ethernet protocols are used to transmit the IP package
   • Internet standard
     • Internet Society (ISOC):
       • promote the development, evolution and open use of the Internet
     • Internet Architecture Council (IAB)
       • administration and general development of Internet standards
     • Internet Engineering Working Group (IEFT)
       • Updating of existing protocols
     • Internet Research Working Group (IRTF
       • long term research in relation to internship protocols
     • Internet Corporation for Naming and Numbers (ICANN):
       • manage the assignment of IP addresses, protocol identifiers for ICANN.
     • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
       • administration of domain names and assignment of other information
   • I shape in caps
     • Model of protocol
       • Describes the functions that occur in each protocol layer
     • reference model
       • what should be done in a given layer
   • The OSI reference model
     • Describes the interaction of each layer with the layers directly above and below it

3. Segmentation of the message

   • Efficiency of network communications.
   • Decapsulation
     • Is the process that recipient devices use to remove one or more of the protocol headers
   • Directions of network
     • Source and destination addresses of the network layer
       • The IP package from the source device to the final device
     • Source and destination addresses of the data link layer
       • responsible for sending the data link frame from an interface card
     • IP address of origin
       • The IP address of the transmitting device, the origin of the package.
     • IP address of destination
       • the IP address of the receiving device, that is, the final destination of the package.
   • Addresses of data links
     • Destination data link address: the physical address of the NCI receiving the data link grid
     • Source data link address: the physical address of the IAS of the device that sends the data link grid.
   • Function of network layer directions
     • The network layer addresses, or IP addresses, indicate the origin and final destination
       • All devices on the same network have the same network portion of the address
       • The remaining section of the address that identifies a specific device on the network.