Language, Learning and Teaching

Language, Learning and Teaching

1. Constructivism

   • In contemporay literature
     • Concepts
       • The knowledge is not mechanically acquired
       • The knowledge is actively constructed
     • Cognitive/Radical Constructivism
       • Main Exponents
         • Piaget
         • Bruner
         • Ausubel
         • Glasersfeld
       • Concepts
         • The knowledge is not a self-sufficient entity
         • The knowledge is not directly transmittable
         • The knowledge is individually constructed
         • Learned-centred and discovery-oriented learning processes
     • Social/Realist Constructivism
       • Main Exponents
         • Vygotsky
         • Kuhn
         • Greeno
         • Lave
         • Simon
         • Brown
       • Concepts
         • Learning is largely situation-specific and context-bound activity
         • Central role of the social in the environment learing
   • 80´s and 90´s
   • It cartesian dualism
     • Relation between external and internal elements of the human
   • Vigotsky´s theories
     • The role of social collectivity in individual learning and development
       • The development of intellect and racionality beyond situations and is the central aim of education
       • The conecction between the collective and individual consciousness exists through the historical participation of it members
       • The contributions of the collective being always larger than the total sum of indivudial contributions
       • Three elements are present in a school
         • The environment
         • The student
         • The teacher
     • The Role of Laguage
       • For understand the word meaning or the language use, it look the full context, not only a word
       • The language is the result of the whole development history of the language
     • Conciousness
       • Conciosness is defined as an individual´s general perceptual orientation
       • The ability to perceive meaningfullly
       • Theory of conciosness awareness
         • Abiliy to interconnect processes of mental activities
       • Development the all-rounded personality and freedom of conciosness from social division in the education

2. Impicit and explicit learning

   • Cognitive Psychology
     • Definition
       • Implicit
         • A primitive process of apprehending structure by attending to frecuency cues
         • Artificial Grammars
           • Experiment of a set of letter strings
         • Sequence Learning
           • Experiment of a sequence of light flashes
         • Control of Complex Systems
           • Experiment of interact with a computer to control an output variable by manipulating input variables
       • Explicit
         • A process whereby various mnemonics, heuristics and strategies are engaged to induce a representational system

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