Phonetics and Phonology.

Phonetics and Phonology.

1. Phonology .

   • Is the study of systems of sounds, often the sound system of a particular language.
   • Consonats
     • Consonants are produced by restricting and then releasing the flow of air in three ways:
       • vibrating the vocal cords
       • changing the part of the anatomy which restricts the air flow
       • changing the extent to which the air flow is restricted
     • Consonants fall into the following categories, depending on what part of the anatomy is used to restrict the air flow:
       • Labial Dental Labiodental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal

2. Phonetics

   • :Linguistic sounds are produced by pushing air from the lungs out through the mouth, sometimes by way of the nasal cavity.
   • Vowels
     • Vowels are produced by directing the flow of air into different parts of the mouth
       • They can be adjusted by changing the position of the tongue, by rounding of the lips, and by the degree of opening of the mouth.
     • Vowels are categorised depending on the position of the tongue
       • Front Central Back High Mid Low
     • When the mouth is relatively more closed, the vowel is tense.
     • When the mouth is relatively more open, the vowel is called lax.