Phrases

Phrases

1. Participles and Participial Phrases

   • Participial Phrase:
     • It is a participle and any modifiers or complement the participle has.
       • NOTE: the entire phrase is used as an adjective.
       • EXAMPLE :
         • News reported by the tabloids is often fictitious.
           • The participial phrase "reported by the tabloids" modifies the noun news.
   • Participles Phrase:
     • Participles are verbals (formed from verb).
       • The verbs can be:
         • Present Participles: -ing
         • Past Participles: -d, -ed
     • Used as adjectives, nouns, or adverbs.
     • EXAMPLE:
       • Smiling, the winner accepted the trophy.
         • Smiling, the present participle formed from the verb smile, modifies the noun winner.

2. Prepositional Phrases

   • Types of prepositional Phrases:
     • Adjective/Adjectival Phrase
       • It modifies a noun or pronoun.
       • EXAMPLE:
         • The color of Mars is red
           • The adjective prepositional phrase "of Mars" is modifying the word "color" which is a noun.
     • Adverb/Adverbial Phrase
       • It modifies a verb, adjective or other adverb.
       • It answers:
         • How?
           • Where?
             • When?
       • EXAMPLE:
         • Venus can often be seen near the horizon
           • "near the horizon" is the adverb phrase which is modifying "can be seen" which are known as a verb.
     • Steps to follow to identify and clasify prepositional phrases:
       • 1. Identify the prepositional phrase.
         • 2. Identify the word the phrase describes.
           • 3. What type of word is it that the phrase describes?

3. Gerunds Phrases

   • Gerunds
     • Is a verbal (formed from verb).
       • A gerund is a verb form that ends: -ing.
         • That is used as noun.
           • EXAMPLE:
             • Swimming exercises every major muscle.
               • Swimming, formed from the verb swim, is the subject of the verb exercises.
       • Used as adjective, noun, or adverb.
   • Gerund Phrase
     • Gerund Phrases consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has
       • NOTE: the entire phrase is used as a noun.
       • EXAMPLE:
         • My grandfather and his friends enjoy swimming at the beach.
           • The gerund phrase is the direct object of the verb enjoy

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