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2405367
Asch (1955)
Descrição
Bsc Psychology Classic studies Mapa Mental sobre Asch (1955), criado por abicat07 em 30-03-2015.
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classic studies
classic studies
bsc psychology
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abicat07
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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abicat07
aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Asch (1955)
Basics
1955
Conformity
Polish, moved to US, worked with Gestalt
Nature of Democracy, and group influence on individuals + majority-minority
Previous research by Thorndike
Also Sherif's (1951) auto kinetic effect conformity
The study
N=123, 7-9 people in each group (one participant)
3 lines
1st and 2nd trial, confederates give correct answers, but after 3rd all given obviously wrongly
18 trials altogether
12/18 trails were rigged with confederates being wrong
Results
76% conformed at least once (24% didn't)
Everyone takes took the group judgement into account
All confused
Those that conformed felt they were the problem, not the group
Interpretation
Independence
With confidence
Without confidence
Yielding/Distortion
Of Action
Of Perception
Of Judgement
Replications
Quality of the task
Varying size of error
Larger difference of lines, between 1-7''
Hardly effected results
Quality of group opposition - size of majority
Varied number of confederate opposition
1 - 15 confederates as majority
Maximum number needed = 3.
1=3.6% wrong, 2=13.6%, 3=31.8%, 15=31.2%
Quality of opposition - type of support
Varied type of support
Support = 12.6%
Support but wrong = 9%
S departs = 10%
S defects = 28%
Majority and minority size
9 confederates and 11 participants in a group
Participants receive support from each other, becoming the majority
Debate and controversy
Minority influence
Moscovici (1976) stated the confederate group to be a minority
When thinking from the room view, group is the majority. However when seen with a world view, the group is a minority of people.
Taschfelt's experimental vacuum - apps already seeing lab situation from their own world perspective, no blank slate.
Conformity bias
Task content...
No uncertainty Ross et al.
Nothing to lose or gain by conforming, may act differently when resources at stake
Personal relevance
No opportunity to confer
However, doesn't change much, used for justification instead of debate.
Generalisability
Age
Young children conform the most
Gender
Women tend to conform more
Culture
Collectivist culture conform more than individualist
Time period
Conformity decreased over time, better knowledge, but also affected by world events
Impact & Legacy
Findings support that groups are rational, however often used to prove the opposite.
Group deficit model
Enshrined in physical and social reality testing (Festinger, 1950), and normative/informational influence
Impact of groups is secondary and inferior, hence best avoided
Social reality testing - objective distinction between internal (thoughts) and external (reality) things.
Deutsch & Gerard (1955)
Normative vs informational influence
Normative = conformity: Wanting to be accepted by group
Informational = conversion: Motivation to be correct about a situation
Recently re-examined: Turner (1981), Asch shows all reality testing is both influences.
Referent informational theory
Politeness
Believe first confederate has vision impairment, others humour him to save embarrassment.
Alernatives
Mishearing/understanding the question, best to go with others
Social desirability
Don't want to ruin experiment
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